Levine Beth, Liu Rong, Dong Xiaonan, Zhong Qing
Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
Trends Cell Biol. 2015 Sep;25(9):533-44. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2015.05.004. Epub 2015 Jun 11.
The Beclin family, including yeast Atg6 (autophagy related gene 6), its orthologs in higher eukaryotic species, and the more recently characterized mammalian-specific Beclin 2, are essential molecules in autophagy and other membrane-trafficking events. Extensive studies of Beclin orthologs have provided considerable insights into the regulation of autophagy, the diverse roles of autophagy in physiology and disease, and potential new strategies to modulate autophagy in a variety of clinical diseases. In this review we discuss the functions of Beclin orthologs, the regulation of such functions by diverse cellular signaling pathways, and the effects of such regulation on downstream cellular processes including tumor suppression and metabolism. These findings suggest that Beclin orthologs serve as crucial molecules that integrate diverse environmental signals with membrane trafficking events to ensure optimal responses of the cell to stressful stimuli.
贝克林家族，包括酵母Atg6（自噬相关基因6）、其在高等真核生物中的直系同源物以及最近鉴定出的哺乳动物特异性贝克林2，是自噬和其他膜运输事件中的关键分子。对贝克林直系同源物的广泛研究为自噬的调控、自噬在生理和疾病中的多种作用以及在各种临床疾病中调节自噬的潜在新策略提供了相当多的见解。在本综述中，我们讨论了贝克林直系同源物的功能、不同细胞信号通路对其功能的调控，以及这种调控对包括肿瘤抑制和代谢在内的下游细胞过程的影响。这些发现表明，贝克林直系同源物作为关键分子，将多种环境信号与膜运输事件整合在一起，以确保细胞对压力刺激做出最佳反应。
