Iaconelli M, Purpari G, Della Libera S, Petricca S, Guercio A, Ciccaglione A R, Bruni R, Taffon S, Equestre M, Fratini M, Muscillo M, La Rosa Giuseppina
Department of Environment and Primary Prevention, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia A. Mirri, Palermo, Italy.
Food Environ Virol. 2015 Dec;7(4):316-24. doi: 10.1007/s12560-015-9207-3. Epub 2015 Jun 27.
Several studies have reported the detection of hepatitis A (HAV) and E (HEV) virus in sewage waters, indicating a possibility of contamination of aquatic environments. The objective of the present study was to assess the occurrence of HAV and HEV in different water environments, following the route of contamination from raw sewage through treated effluent to the surface waters receiving wastewater discharges . Bivalve molluscan shellfish samples were also analyzed, as sentinel of marine pollution. Samples were tested by RT-PCR nested type in the VP1/2A junction for HAV, and in the ORF1 and ORF2 regions for HEV. Hepatitis A RNA was detected in 12 water samples: 7/21 (33.3%) raw sewage samples, 3/21 (14.3%) treated sewage samples, and 2/27 (7.4%) river water samples. Five sequences were classified as genotype IA, while the remaining 7 sequences belonged to genotype IB. In bivalves, HAV was detected in 13/56 samples (23.2%), 12 genotype IB and one genotype IA. Whether the presence of HAV in the matrices tested indicates the potential for waterborne and foodborne transmission is unknown, since infectivity of the virus was not demonstrated. HEV was detected in one raw sewage sample and in one river sample, both belonging to genotype 3. Sequences were similar to sequences detected previously in Italy in patients with autochthonous HEV (no travel history) and in animals (swine). To our knowledge, this is the first detection of HEV in river waters in Italy, suggesting that surface water can be a potential source for exposure .
多项研究报告了在污水中检测到甲型肝炎病毒（HAV）和戊型肝炎病毒（HEV），这表明水生环境存在被污染的可能性。本研究的目的是评估不同水环境中HAV和HEV的出现情况，追踪从未经处理的污水到经处理的废水再到接收废水排放的地表水的污染路径。双壳贝类样本也作为海洋污染的哨兵进行了分析。样本通过在VP1/2A连接处进行巢式RT-PCR检测HAV，在ORF1和ORF2区域检测HEV。在12个水样中检测到甲型肝炎RNA：21个未经处理的污水样本中有7个（33.3%），21个经处理的污水样本中有3个（14.3%），27个河水样本中有2个（7.4%）。5个序列被归类为IA基因型，其余7个序列属于IB基因型。在双壳贝类中，56个样本中有13个（23.2%）检测到HAV，12个为IB基因型，1个为IA基因型。由于未证明病毒的传染性，因此在测试基质中HAV的存在是否表明存在经水传播和经食物传播的可能性尚不清楚。在一个未经处理的污水样本和一个河水样本中检测到HEV，均属于3基因型。这些序列与之前在意大利本土戊型肝炎患者（无旅行史）和动物（猪）中检测到的序列相似。据我们所知，这是在意大利河水中首次检测到HEV，表明地表水可能是一个潜在的暴露源。
