Linton Samuel S, Sherwood Samantha G, Drews Kelly C, Kester Mark
Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2016 Mar-Apr;8(2):208-22. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1358. Epub 2015 Jul 7.
Cancer therapies of the future will rely on synergy between drugs delivered in combination to achieve both maximum efficacy and decreased toxicity. Nanoscale drug delivery vehicles composed of highly tunable nanomaterials ('nanocarriers') represent the most promising approach to achieve simultaneous, cell-selective delivery of synergistic ratios of combinations of drugs within solid tumors. Nanocarriers are currently being used to co-encapsulate and deliver synergistic ratios of multiple anticancer drugs to target cells within solid tumors. Investigators exploit the unique environment associated with solid tumors, termed the tumor microenvironment (TME), to make 'smart' nanocarriers. These sophisticated nanocarriers exploit the pathological conditions in the TME, thereby creating highly targeted nanocarriers that release their drug payload in a spatially and temporally controlled manner. The translational and commercial potential of nanocarrier-based combinatorial nanomedicines in cancer therapy is now a reality as several companies have initiated human clinical trials.
未来的癌症治疗将依赖于联合给药之间的协同作用，以实现最大疗效和降低毒性。由高度可调节的纳米材料（“纳米载体”）组成的纳米级药物递送载体是在实体瘤内实现药物组合协同比例的同时、细胞选择性递送的最有前景的方法。目前，纳米载体正被用于共同封装和递送多种抗癌药物的协同比例，以作用于实体瘤内的靶细胞。研究人员利用与实体瘤相关的独特环境，即肿瘤微环境（TME），来制造“智能”纳米载体。这些复杂的纳米载体利用TME中的病理条件，从而创造出能够以空间和时间可控的方式释放其药物有效载荷的高度靶向纳米载体。基于纳米载体的组合纳米药物在癌症治疗中的转化和商业潜力现已成为现实，因为几家公司已经启动了人体临床试验。
