Lyseen Anders K, Hansen Henning S, Harder Henrik, Jensen Anders S, Mikkelsen Bent E
Department of Development and Planning, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, A.C. Meyers Vænge 15, 2450 Copenhagen, Denmark.
Department of Architecture, Design and Media technology, Aalborg University, Rendsburggade 14, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015 Jul 21;12(7):8504-25. doi: 10.3390/ijerph120708504.
Neighbourhoods are frequently used as a measure for individuals' exposure to the food environment. However, the definitions of neighbourhoods fluctuate and have not been applied consistently in previous studies. Neighbourhoods defined from a single fixed location fail to capture people's complete exposure in multiple locations, but measuring behaviour using traditional methods can be challenging. This study compares the traditional methods of measuring exposure to the food environment to methods that use data from GPS tracking. For each of the 187 participants, 11 different neighbourhoods were created in which the exposure to supermarkets and fast food outlets were measured. ANOVA, Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test and t-tests were performed to compare the neighbourhoods. Significant differences were found between area sizes and the exposure to supermarkets and fast food outlets for different neighbourhood types. Second, significant differences in exposure to food outlets were found between the urban and rural neighbourhoods. Neighbourhoods are clearly a diffused and blurred concept that varies in meaning depending on each person's perception and the conducted study. Complexity and heterogeneity of human mobility no longer appear to correspond to the use of residential neighbourhoods but rather emphasise the need for methods, concepts and measures of individual activity and exposure.
社区常被用作衡量个体接触食物环境的指标。然而，社区的定义并不统一，在以往研究中也未得到一致应用。从单一固定地点定义的社区无法全面反映人们在多个地点的接触情况，但使用传统方法测量行为可能具有挑战性。本研究将测量接触食物环境的传统方法与使用全球定位系统（GPS）跟踪数据的方法进行了比较。针对187名参与者中的每一位，创建了11个不同的社区，并测量了他们接触超市和快餐店的情况。采用方差分析（ANOVA）、图基（Tukey）真实显著差异（HSD）检验和t检验对这些社区进行比较。研究发现，不同类型社区的面积大小以及接触超市和快餐店的情况存在显著差异。其次，城乡社区在接触食品店方面也存在显著差异。社区显然是一个模糊且难以界定的概念，其含义会因个人认知和所开展的研究而有所不同。人类流动性的复杂性和异质性似乎不再与居住社区的概念相契合，而是更加强调需要采用针对个体活动和接触情况的方法、概念和测量手段。
