Tvermosegaard Maria, Dahl-Petersen Inger K, Nielsen Nina Odgaard, Bjerregaard Peter, Jørgensen Marit Eika
National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark.
National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Can J Cardiol. 2015 Sep;31(9):1116-23. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.06.002. Epub 2015 Jun 11.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major public health issue in indigenous populations in the Arctic. These diseases have emerged concomitantly with profound social changes over the past 60 years. The aim of this study was to summarize the literature on CVD risk among Arctic Inuit. Literature on prevalence, incidence, and time trends for CVD and its risk factors in Arctic Inuit populations was reviewed. Most evidence supports a similar incidence of coronary heart disease and a higher incidence of cerebrovascular disease among Arctic Inuit than seen in western populations. Factors that may increase CVD risk include aging of the population, genetic susceptibility, and a rapid increase in obesity, diabetes, and hypertension in parallel with decreasing physical activity and deterioration of the lipid profile. In contrast, and of great importance, there has been a decrease in smoking and alcohol intake (at least documented in Greenland), and contaminant levels are declining. Although there have been marked socioeconomic and dietary changes, it remains unsolved and to some extent controversial how this may have influenced cardiovascular risk among Arctic Inuit. The increase in life expectancy, in combination with improved prognosis for patients with manifest CVD, will inevitably lead to a large increase in absolute numbers of individuals affected by CVD in Arctic Inuit populations, exacerbated by the rise in most CVD risk factors over the past decades. For preventive purposes and for health care planning, it is crucial to carefully monitor disease incidence and trends in risk factors in these vulnerable Arctic populations.
心血管疾病（CVD）是北极地区原住民面临的一个主要公共卫生问题。在过去60年中，这些疾病伴随着深刻的社会变革一同出现。本研究的目的是总结关于北极因纽特人心血管疾病风险的文献。对北极因纽特人群中心血管疾病及其危险因素的患病率、发病率和时间趋势的文献进行了综述。大多数证据表明，北极因纽特人冠心病的发病率与西方人群相似，而脑血管疾病的发病率高于西方人群。可能增加心血管疾病风险的因素包括人口老龄化、遗传易感性，以及肥胖、糖尿病和高血压的迅速增加，同时身体活动减少和血脂状况恶化。相比之下，且非常重要的是，吸烟和饮酒量有所下降（至少至少格下降情况至少在格陵兰岛有记录），污染物水平也在下降。尽管社会经济和饮食发生了显著变化，但这些变化如何影响北极因纽特人的心血管风险仍未得到解决，并且在一定程度上存在争议。预期寿命的增加，加上明显患有心血管疾病的患者预后改善，将不可避免地导致北极因纽特人群中受心血管疾病影响的个体绝对数量大幅增加，过去几十年中大多数心血管疾病危险因素的上升进一步加剧了这一情况。为了预防目的和医疗保健规划，仔细监测这些脆弱的北极人群中的疾病发病率和危险因素趋势至关重要。
