Guo Yang, Berrang-Ford Lea, Ford James, Lardeau Marie-Pierre, Edge Victoria, Patterson Kaitlin, Harper Sherilee L
McGill School of Environment, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
Int J Circumpolar Health. 2015 Aug 5;74:27284. doi: 10.3402/ijch.v74.27284. eCollection 2015.
Food insecurity is an ongoing problem in the Canadian Arctic. Although most studies have focused on smaller communities, little is known about food insecurity in larger centres.
This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of food insecurity during 2 different seasons in Iqaluit, the territorial capital of Nunavut, as well as identify associated risk factors.
A modified United States Department of Agriculture Food Security Survey was applied to 532 randomly selected households in September 2012 and 523 in May 2013. Chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression were used to examine potential associations between food security and 9 risk factors identified in the literature.
In September 2012, 28.7% of surveyed households in Iqaluit were food insecure, a rate 3 times higher than the national average, but lower than smaller Inuit communities in Nunavut. Prevalence of food insecurity in September 2012 was not significantly different in May 2013 (27.2%). When aggregating results from Inuit households from both seasons (May and September), food insecurity was associated with poor quality housing and reliance on income support (p<0.01). Unemployment and younger age of the person in charge of food preparation were also significantly associated with food insecurity. In contrast to previous research among Arctic communities, gender and consumption of country food were not positively associated with food security. These results are consistent with research describing high food insecurity across the Canadian Arctic.
The factors associated with food insecurity in Iqaluit differed from those identified in smaller communities, suggesting that experiences with, and processes of, food insecurity may differ between small communities and larger commercial centres. These results suggest that country food consumption, traditional knowledge and sharing networks may play a less important role in larger Inuit communities.
粮食不安全在加拿大北极地区一直是个问题。尽管大多数研究集中在较小的社区，但对于较大中心地区的粮食不安全情况却知之甚少。
本研究旨在估计努纳武特地区首府伊卡卢伊特在两个不同季节的粮食不安全患病率，并确定相关风险因素。
2012年9月，对532户随机抽取的家庭应用了经过修改的美国农业部粮食安全调查，2013年5月对523户家庭进行了调查。采用卡方检验和多变量逻辑回归来检验粮食安全与文献中确定的9个风险因素之间的潜在关联。
2012年9月，伊卡卢伊特接受调查的家庭中有28.7%粮食不安全，这一比例比全国平均水平高三倍，但低于努纳武特地区较小的因纽特社区。2012年9月的粮食不安全患病率与2013年5月（27.2%）没有显著差异。将两个季节（5月和9月）因纽特家庭的结果汇总后，粮食不安全与住房质量差和对收入支持的依赖有关（p<0.01）。失业以及负责食物准备的人的年龄较小也与粮食不安全显著相关。与之前北极社区的研究不同，性别和食用当地食物与粮食安全没有正相关。这些结果与描述加拿大北极地区普遍存在高度粮食不安全的研究一致。
伊卡卢伊特与粮食不安全相关的因素与较小社区中确定的因素不同，这表明小社区和较大商业中心在粮食不安全的经历和过程方面可能存在差异。这些结果表明，在较大的因纽特社区中，食用当地食物、传统知识和共享网络可能发挥的作用较小。
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