Luttrell Meredith J, Halliwill John R
Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon Eugene, OR, USA.
Front Physiol. 2015 Jul 22;6:204. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00204. eCollection 2015.
Why should we study the recovery from exercise as a discrete phenomenon from exercise itself? We identify three distinct (but not mutually exclusive) rationales that drive the need to investigate the physiology of recovery from exercise. (1) Some individuals are at a heightened risk of clinical outcomes in the immediate post-exercise period; thus the potential negative outcomes of this "vulnerable state" must be weighed against the numerous benefits of exercise training, and may be mitigated to reduce risk. (2) Many of the signaling mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effects of exercise training remain amplified during the exercise recovery period, and may present a "window of opportunity" that can be exploited by interventions to enhance the beneficial adaptations to exercise training, especially in clinical populations. (3) On an individual level, exercise recovery responses may provide investigators with a "crystal ball" ability to predict future clinical outcomes even in apparently healthy individuals. In short, the physiology of recovery is a multi-faceted and complex process, likely involving systems and pathways that are distinct from the physiology of exercise itself. For these reasons, it merits ongoing study.
为什么我们要将运动恢复作为一种与运动本身截然不同的现象来研究呢？我们确定了三个不同的（但并非相互排斥的）基本原理，这些原理推动了对运动恢复生理学进行研究的必要性。（1）一些个体在运动后的即刻阶段出现临床结果的风险较高；因此，必须将这种“脆弱状态”的潜在负面结果与运动训练的众多益处进行权衡，并且可以通过减轻风险来缓解。（2）许多负责运动训练有益效果的信号机制在运动恢复期间仍然处于增强状态，这可能会呈现出一个“机会窗口”，干预措施可以利用这个窗口来增强对运动训练的有益适应性，尤其是在临床人群中。（3）在个体层面上，运动恢复反应甚至可能为研究人员提供一种“水晶球”能力，以便预测即使是看似健康的个体未来的临床结果。简而言之，恢复生理学是一个多方面且复杂的过程，可能涉及与运动本身生理学不同的系统和途径。出于这些原因，它值得持续研究。
