Shih Min-Hsiu, Chen Wan-Ju, Huang Fu-Chin
*MD Department of Ophthalmology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China (all authors).
Optom Vis Sci. 2015 Oct;92(10):1012-5. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000000691.
To demonstrate the refractive changes of amblyopic children attributed to high anisometropia in the myopia endemic in Taiwan.
Amblyopic children younger than 10 years with myopic or hyperopic anisometropia 3 diopters (D) or more who had follow-up for more than 2 years and had final visual acuity of 20/30 or better in the amblyopic eye were included.
The average age on the first visit was similar for the 13 myopic children (5.5 years) and 17 hyperopic children (5.3 years). Initially, the mean anisometropia was significantly different (myopic, 7.25 D vs. hyperopic, 3.89 D), but the visual acuity of the amblyopic eye (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) was similar between both groups at baseline (0.50 vs. 0.57). Myopization of the sound eye surpassed that of the amblyopic eye in the myopic group, which resulted in a yearly reduction of anisometropia of 0.51 D. However, hyperopia decreased synchronously in both eyes of the hyperopic children. The final degree of anisometropia was not significantly different between the two groups (4.07 D vs. 3.62 D).
Growing up in a country with a high prevalence of myopia, children with myopic and hyperopic anisometropia in this study inevitably had myopization in both eyes. Myopic anisometropia decreases significantly over time, but hyperopic anisometropia remains constant.
证明台湾近视高发地区高度屈光参差性弱视儿童的屈光变化。
纳入年龄小于10岁、近视或远视性屈光参差3屈光度（D）及以上、随访超过2年且弱视眼最终视力达到20/30或更好的弱视儿童。
13名近视儿童（5.5岁）和17名远视儿童（5.3岁）首次就诊时的平均年龄相似。最初，平均屈光参差有显著差异（近视，7.25 D vs. 远视，3.89 D），但两组弱视眼的视力（最小分辨角对数）在基线时相似（0.50 vs. 0.57）。近视组中健眼的近视化超过弱视眼，导致屈光参差每年减少0.51 D。然而，远视儿童双眼的远视度数同步下降。两组最终的屈光参差程度无显著差异（4.07 D vs. 3.62 D）。
在近视高发国家长大，本研究中的近视和远视性屈光参差儿童不可避免地双眼都出现近视化。近视性屈光参差随时间显著降低，但远视性屈光参差保持不变。
