Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, and College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, PR China; Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai Po, Hong Kong SAR, PR China; School of Municipal and Environment Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan 467036, PR China.
School of Municipal and Environment Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan 467036, PR China.
Sci Total Environ. 2015 Dec 1;536:840-846. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.101. Epub 2015 Aug 7.
The concentrations and composition of sixteen PAHs adsorbed to respirable particulate matter (PM10≤10 μm) and inhalable particulate matter (PM2.5≤2.5 μm) were determined during autumn and winter in rural households of Henan Province, China, which used four types of domestic energy [crop residues, coal, liquid petroleum gas (LPG) and electricity] for cooking and heating. The present results show that there were significantly (p<0.05) seasonal variations of particulate-bound PAHs in the rural households. The daily mean concentrations of particulate-bound PAHs in the kitchens, sitting rooms and outdoors were apparently higher in winter than those in autumn, except those in the kitchens using coal. The present study also shows that there were obvious variations of particulate-bound PAHs among the four types of domestic energy used in the rural households. The households using LPG for cooking can, at least in some circumstances, have higher concentrations of PAHs in the kitchens than using crop residues or electricity. In addition, using coal in the sitting rooms seemed to result in apparently higher concentrations of particulate-bound PAHs than using the other three types of domestic energy during winter. The most severe contamination occurred in the kitchens using LPG in winter, where the daily mean concentrations of PM2.5-bound PAHs were up to 762.5±931.2 ng m(-3), indicating that there was serious health risk of inhalation exposure to PAHs in the rural households of Henan Province. Rural residents' exposure to PM2.5-bound PAHs in kitchens would be roughly reduced by 69.8% and 85.5% via replacing coal or crop residues with electricity in autumn. The pilot research would provide important supplementary information to the indoor air pollution studies in rural area.
在中国河南省农村家庭中，使用四种类型的国内能源（农作物残余物、煤、液化石油气（LPG）和电）进行烹饪和取暖时，测定了秋、冬两季可吸入颗粒物（PM2.5≤2.5μm）和呼吸性颗粒物（PM10≤10μm）中吸附的十六种多环芳烃（PAHs）的浓度和组成。本研究结果表明，农村家庭中颗粒物结合态多环芳烃存在明显的季节性变化。冬季厨房、客厅和室外颗粒物结合态多环芳烃的日均值明显高于秋季，除使用煤的厨房外。本研究还表明，农村家庭使用的四种类型的国内能源之间存在明显的颗粒物结合态多环芳烃差异。使用液化石油气烹饪的家庭，在某些情况下，厨房中多环芳烃的浓度至少会高于使用农作物残余物或电。此外，冬季在客厅使用煤似乎会导致颗粒物结合态多环芳烃的浓度明显高于使用其他三种类型的国内能源。污染最严重的情况发生在冬季使用液化石油气的厨房，那里的 PM2.5 结合态多环芳烃日均值高达 762.5±931.2ngm(-3)，表明河南省农村家庭中，人们因吸入多环芳烃而面临严重的健康风险。在秋季，通过用电力替代煤或农作物残余物，农村居民厨房中 PM2.5 结合态多环芳烃的暴露量将分别减少 69.8%和 85.5%。该试点研究将为农村地区室内空气污染研究提供重要的补充信息。
