MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2015 Aug 28;64(33):913-7. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6433a5.
In 1988, the World Health Assembly of the World Health Organization (WHO) resolved to eradicate polio worldwide. Among the three wild poliovirus (WPV) types (type 1, type 2, and type 3), WPV type 2 (WPV2) has been eliminated in the wild since 1999, and WPV type 3 (WPV3) has not been reported since 2012. In 2015, only Afghanistan and Pakistan have reported WPV transmission. On May 25, 2015, all WHO Member States endorsed World Health Assembly resolution 68.3 on full implementation of the Polio Eradication and Endgame Strategic Plan 2013-2018 (the Endgame Plan), and with it, the third Global Action Plan to minimize poliovirus facility-associated risk (GAPIII). All WHO Member States have committed to implementing appropriate containment of WPV2 in essential laboratory and vaccine production facilities* by the end of 2015 and of type 2 oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV2) within 3 months of global withdrawal of OPV2, which is planned for April 2016. This report summarizes critical steps for essential laboratory and vaccine production facilities that intend to retain materials confirmed to contain or potentially containing type-specific WPV, vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV), or OPV/Sabin viruses, and steps for nonessential facilities† that process specimens that contain or might contain polioviruses. National authorities will need to certify that the essential facilities they host meet the containment requirements described in GAPIII. After certification of WPV eradication, the use of all OPV will cease; final containment of all polioviruses after polio eradication and OPV cessation will minimize the risk for reintroduction of poliovirus into a polio-free world.
1988 年，世界卫生组织（世卫组织）的世界卫生大会决心在全球范围内消灭脊灰。在三种野生脊灰病毒（WPV）（类型 1、2 和 3）中，WPV 型 2（WPV2）自 1999 年以来已在野外消除，WPV 型 3（WPV3）自 2012 年以来未再报告。2015 年，只有阿富汗和巴基斯坦报告发生 WPV 传播。2015 年 5 月 25 日，所有世卫组织会员国都核可了世界卫生大会第 68.3 号决议，即全面执行《2013-2018 年消灭脊灰和终结脊灰战略计划》（《终结计划》），以及随之而来的《最大限度减少脊灰病毒设施相关风险的第三个全球行动计划》（GAPIII）。所有世卫组织会员国承诺在 2015 年底前对用于基本实验室和疫苗生产的 WPV2 实施适当的遏制*，在全球停用 OPV2 后 3 个月内对 2 型口服脊灰疫苗（OPV2）实施遏制，停用 OPV2 的计划时间为 2016 年 4 月。本报告总结了有意保留经确认含有或可能含有特定型别 WPV、疫苗衍生脊灰病毒（VDPV）或 OPV/Sabin 病毒的基本实验室和疫苗生产设施必须采取的关键步骤，以及处理可能含有脊灰病毒的标本的非必要设施†必须采取的步骤。国家当局将需要证明其所托管的基本设施符合 GAPIII 所述的遏制要求。在 WPV 根除认证之后，所有 OPV 将停止使用；脊灰根除和 OPV 停用后，对所有脊灰病毒的最终遏制将最大限度地减少脊灰病毒重新传入无脊灰世界的风险。
