MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Sep 18;69(37):1330-1333. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6937a7.
Since 1988, when World Health Organization (WHO) Member States and partners launched the Global Polio Eradication Initiative, the number of wild poliovirus (WPV) cases has declined from 350,000 in 125 countries to 176 in only two countries in 2019 (1). The Global Commission for the Certification of Poliomyelitis Eradication (GCC) declared two of the three WPV types, type 2 (WPV2) and type 3 (WPV3), eradicated globally in 2015 and 2019, respectively (1). Wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) remains endemic in Afghanistan and Pakistan (1). Containment under strict biorisk management measures is vital to prevent reintroduction of eradicated polioviruses into communities from poliovirus facilities. In 2015, Member States committed to contain type 2 polioviruses (PV2) in poliovirus-essential facilities (PEFs) certified in accordance with a global standard (2). Member states agreed to report national PV2 inventories annually, destroy unneeded PV2 materials, and, if retaining PV2 materials, establish national authorities for containment (NACs) and a PEF auditing process. Since declaration of WPV3 eradication in October 2019, these activities are also required with WPV3 materials. Despite challenges faced during 2019-2020, including the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the global poliovirus containment program continues to work toward important milestones. To maintain progress, all WHO Member States are urged to adhere to the agreed containment resolutions, including officially establishing legally empowered NACs and submission of PEF Certificates of Participation.
自 1988 年世界卫生组织（世卫组织）会员国和合作伙伴启动全球消灭脊灰炎倡议以来，野脊灰病毒（WPV）病例数从 1988 年 125 个国家的 35 万例下降到 2019 年的两个国家的 176 例（1）。全球消灭脊灰炎认证委员会（GCC）宣布，2015 年和 2019 年分别消灭了三种 WPV 中的两种，即 WPV2 和 WPV3（1）。WPV1 仍在阿富汗和巴基斯坦流行（1）。严格的生物风险管理制度对于防止已消灭脊灰病毒从脊灰病毒设施重新传入社区至关重要。2015 年，会员国承诺在世卫组织根据全球标准认证的脊灰病毒基本设施（PEF）中控制脊灰病毒 2 型（PV2）（2）。会员国同意每年报告国家 PV2 库存，销毁不需要的 PV2 材料，如果保留 PV2 材料，则建立国家遏制当局（NAC）和 PEF 审核程序。自 2019 年 10 月宣布消灭 WPV3 以来，也需要对 WPV3 材料采取这些活动。尽管 2019-2020 年期间面临挑战，包括 2019 冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行，但全球脊灰病毒遏制方案仍在朝着重要的里程碑迈进。为了保持进展，敦促所有世卫组织会员国遵守商定的遏制决议，包括正式建立具有法律权力的 NAC 并提交 PEF 参与证书。
