Shafiq Muhammad, Nadeem Muhammad, Sattar Zeeshan, Khan Sohaib Mohammad, Faheem Sheikh Muhammad, Ahsan Irfan, Naheed Rabia, Khattak Tahir Mehmood, Akbar Shahzad, Khan Muhammad Talha, Khan Muhammad Ilyas, Khan Muhammad Zubair
Department of Internal Medicine, Khyber Teaching Hospital, University Town, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Department of General Surgery, Nishtar Medical College and Hospital, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan.
HIV AIDS (Auckl). 2015 Aug 17;7:223-31. doi: 10.2147/HIV.S67429. eCollection 2015.
Hepatitis B and C need immediate worldwide attention as the infection rates are too high. More than 240 million people have chronic (long-term) liver infections. Every year, about 600,000 people die globally due to the acute or chronic consequences of hepatitis B and more than 350,000 people die from hepatitis C-related liver diseases.
Our study was designed as a case-control, descriptive study. It was conducted through formal interviews by using structured questionnaires. A total of 100 cases were included, with four controls for each case.
This study confirms household contact, history of dental work, history of surgery, sexual contact, and history of transfusion (blood and its components) as the main risk factors which are responsible for the increased prevalence of hepatitis.
The important risk factors, responsible for the high prevalence of hepatitis B and C in our society are household contact, history of dental work, history of surgery, sexual contact, and history of transfusion (blood and its components). The odds ratio of probability for these risk factors are: 4.2 for household contact history, 4.1 for history of dental work, 3.9 for sexual contact, 2.7 for history of surgery, and 2.1 for history of transfusion. Associations of other predictor variables (diabetes status, education level, profession, contact sports, intravenous drug abuse, residence, immunosuppression, and skin tattoos) were not statistically significant.
乙型和丙型肝炎在全球范围内感染率过高，亟需引起关注。超过2.4亿人患有慢性（长期）肝脏感染。全球每年约有60万人死于乙型肝炎的急性或慢性后果，超过35万人死于丙型肝炎相关肝病。
我们的研究设计为病例对照描述性研究。通过使用结构化问卷进行正式访谈。共纳入100例病例，每例病例有4名对照。
本研究证实家庭接触、牙科治疗史、手术史、性接触以及输血（血液及其成分）史是导致肝炎患病率增加的主要危险因素。
在我们的社会中，导致乙型和丙型肝炎高患病率的重要危险因素是家庭接触、牙科治疗史、手术史、性接触以及输血（血液及其成分）史。这些危险因素的概率比值比分别为：家庭接触史4.2，牙科治疗史4.1，性接触3.9，手术史2.7，输血史2.1。其他预测变量（糖尿病状态、教育水平、职业、接触性运动、静脉药物滥用、居住情况、免疫抑制和皮肤纹身）之间的关联无统计学意义。
