Aerenhouts Dirk, Clarys Peter, Taeymans Jan, Van Cauwenberg Jelle
Department of Human Biometry and Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
Department of Human Biometry and Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
PLoS One. 2015 Aug 28;10(8):e0136788. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136788. eCollection 2015.
A recommended field method to assess body composition in adolescent sprint athletes is currently lacking. Existing methods developed for non-athletic adolescents were not longitudinally validated and do not take maturation status into account. This longitudinal study compared two field methods, i.e., a Bio Impedance Analysis (BIA) and a skinfold based equation, with underwater densitometry to track body fat percentage relative to years from age at peak height velocity in adolescent sprint athletes. In this study, adolescent sprint athletes (34 girls, 35 boys) were measured every 6 months during 3 years (age at start = 14.8 ± 1.5 yrs in girls and 14.7 ± 1.9 yrs in boys). Body fat percentage was estimated in 3 different ways: 1) using BIA with the TANITA TBF 410; 2) using a skinfold based equation; 3) using underwater densitometry which was considered as the reference method. Height for age since birth was used to estimate age at peak height velocity. Cross-sectional analyses were performed using repeated measures ANOVA and Pearson correlations between measurement methods at each occasion. Data were analyzed longitudinally using a multilevel cross-classified model with the PROC Mixed procedure. In boys, compared to underwater densitometry, the skinfold based formula revealed comparable values for body fatness during the study period whereas BIA showed a different pattern leading to an overestimation of body fatness starting from 4 years after age at peak height velocity. In girls, both the skinfold based formula and BIA overestimated body fatness across the whole range of years from peak height velocity. The skinfold based method appears to give an acceptable estimation of body composition during growth as compared to underwater densitometry in male adolescent sprinters. In girls, caution is warranted when interpreting estimations of body fatness by both BIA and a skinfold based formula since both methods tend to give an overestimation.
目前缺乏一种推荐的用于评估青少年短跑运动员身体成分的现场方法。为非运动员青少年开发的现有方法未经过纵向验证，也未考虑成熟状态。这项纵向研究比较了两种现场方法，即生物电阻抗分析（BIA）和基于皮褶厚度的公式，与水下密度测定法，以追踪青少年短跑运动员相对于身高速度峰值年龄的身体脂肪百分比随时间的变化。在本研究中，青少年短跑运动员（34名女孩，35名男孩）在3年期间每6个月测量一次（女孩开始时年龄 = 14.8 ± 1.5岁，男孩开始时年龄 = 14.7 ± 1.9岁）。身体脂肪百分比通过三种不同方式进行估计：1）使用百利达TBF 410进行生物电阻抗分析；2）使用基于皮褶厚度的公式；3）使用水下密度测定法，将其视为参考方法。使用出生后的年龄别身高来估计身高速度峰值年龄。使用重复测量方差分析和每次测量方法之间的Pearson相关性进行横断面分析。使用带有PROC Mixed过程的多水平交叉分类模型对数据进行纵向分析。在男孩中，与水下密度测定法相比，基于皮褶厚度的公式在研究期间显示出与身体脂肪度相当的值，而生物电阻抗分析显示出不同的模式，导致从身高速度峰值年龄后4年开始高估身体脂肪度。在女孩中，基于皮褶厚度的公式和生物电阻抗分析在身高速度峰值后的整个时间段内都高估了身体脂肪度。与水下密度测定法相比，基于皮褶厚度的方法在男性青少年短跑运动员生长期间似乎能给出可接受的身体成分估计。在女孩中，在解释通过生物电阻抗分析和基于皮褶厚度的公式得出的身体脂肪度估计值时需要谨慎，因为这两种方法都倾向于高估。
