Ho Siew Yen, Sánchez-Quintana Damián
Cardiac Morphology, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London, SW3 6NP, UK.
Imperial College London, London, SW3 6NP, UK.
J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2016 Jun;46(1):3-8. doi: 10.1007/s10840-015-0049-6. Epub 2015 Aug 30.
The aim of this study is to review the key features of anatomy of the sinus node of the human sinus node and its pathological variations as reported in the literature and supplemented with our observations.
The sinus node is located adjacent to important structures such as the right phrenic nerve and the nodal artery. Although intimately related to its matrix of fibrous tissue, the nodal cells are in contact with atrial myocardium through nodal extensions. Nodal cell numbers decrease with age as part of the normal aging process. Pathological changes include diminished size of node and nodal cell replacement with fibro-fatty tissues.
The location of the normal sinus node is well recognised. There is variation in the relationship of the node and its arterial supply to the terminal crest and the cavo-atrial junction.
本研究旨在回顾文献中报道的人类窦房结的关键解剖特征及其病理变异，并补充我们的观察结果。
窦房结毗邻重要结构，如右膈神经和结动脉。尽管与纤维组织基质密切相关，但结细胞通过结延伸与心房心肌接触。随着年龄增长，作为正常衰老过程的一部分，结细胞数量会减少。病理变化包括结的大小减小以及结细胞被纤维脂肪组织替代。
正常窦房结的位置已得到充分认识。结及其动脉供应与终嵴和腔房交界处的关系存在变异。
