Jürimäe J, Tillmann V, Cicchella A, Stefanelli C, Võsoberg K, Tamm A L, Jürimäe T
Institute of Sport Pedagogy and Coaching Sciences, Faculty of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Osteoporos Int. 2016 Mar;27(3):1239-1243. doi: 10.1007/s00198-015-3301-0. Epub 2015 Sep 1.
Rhythmic gymnastics as high-impact bone loading sport has positive effects on bone mineralization in prepubertal years. Sclerostin and preadipocyte factor-1 (Pref-1) are hormones that inhibit bone formation. The present study demonstrates that these hormones are higher in gymnasts, and gymnasts present higher bone mineral density (BMD) as compared to controls.
Rhythmic gymnasts (RG) start their heavy trainings already in prepuberty and despite of low body fat mass (FM) and hypoleptinemia, their BMD is higher than in non-trained normal girls. The specific role of sclerostin and Pref-1, which are the inhibitors of bone formation, in bone development is not well understood. The impact of sclerostin and Pref-1 levels on BMD, body composition, and adipocytokine values was studied in prepubertal RG and untrained controls (UC).
Sixty-four 9-10-year-old girls were divided into RG (n = 32) and UC (n = 32) groups. Bone mineral and body composition values were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and bone age by X-ray. Sclerostin, Pref-1, leptin, and adiponectin levels were measured from fasting blood samples.
Sclerostin (RG 19.8 ± 6.3 pmol/l; UC 15.8 ± 5.4 pmol/l) and Pref-1 (RG 1.6 ± 1.0 ng/ml; UC 1.1 ± 0.5 ng/ml) were higher (p < 0.05) in RG compared with UC. Sclerostin was related to adiponectin (r = 0.41; p < 0.05) in UC. No relationship was found between sclerostin and Pref-1 with BMD values in prepubertal RG and age-matched UC groups.
Sclerostin and Pref-1 levels are higher in RG compared to UC girls. Specific physical activity pattern seen in prepubertal RG has a beneficial effect on bone mineralization despite increased levels of hormones that inhibit bone formation.
艺术体操作为一项对骨骼有高负荷冲击的运动，对青春期前儿童的骨矿化有积极影响。硬化蛋白和前脂肪细胞因子-1（Pref-1）是抑制骨形成的激素。本研究表明，这些激素在体操运动员中水平较高，且与对照组相比，体操运动员的骨密度（BMD）更高。
艺术体操运动员在青春期前就开始高强度训练，尽管体脂率低且瘦素水平低，但他们的骨密度高于未训练的正常女孩。骨形成抑制剂硬化蛋白和Pref-1在骨骼发育中的具体作用尚不清楚。本研究对青春期前艺术体操运动员（RG）和未训练的对照组（UC）进行研究，探讨硬化蛋白和Pref-1水平对骨密度、身体成分和脂肪细胞因子值的影响。
将64名9至10岁女孩分为艺术体操组（n = 32）和对照组（n = 32）。采用双能X线吸收法测量骨矿物质和身体成分值，通过X线测量骨龄。从空腹血样中检测硬化蛋白、Pref-1、瘦素和脂联素水平。
与对照组相比，艺术体操组的硬化蛋白（RG 19.8 ± 6.3 pmol/l；UC 15.8 ± 5.4 pmol/l）和Pref-1（RG 1.6 ± 1.0 ng/ml；UC 1.1 ± 0.5 ng/ml）水平更高（p < 0.05）。在对照组中，硬化蛋白与脂联素相关（r = 0.41；p < 0.05）。在青春期前艺术体操组和年龄匹配的对照组中，未发现硬化蛋白和Pref-1水平与骨密度值之间存在相关性。
与对照组女孩相比，艺术体操组的硬化蛋白和Pref-1水平更高。青春期前艺术体操运动员特有的体育活动模式对骨矿化有有益影响，尽管抑制骨形成的激素水平升高。
