Võsoberg Kristel, Tillmann Vallo, Tamm Anna-Liisa, Jürimäe Toivo, Maasalu Katre, Jürimäe Jaak
Institute of Sport Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 18. Ülikooli St., 50090, Tartu, Estonia.
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2016 Apr;116(4):831-9. doi: 10.1007/s00421-016-3338-6. Epub 2016 Feb 15.
To investigate changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in rhythmic gymnasts (RG) entering puberty and their age-matched untrained controls (UC) over the 36-month period, and associations with leptin, adiponectin and ghrelin over this period.
Whole body (WB), lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN) BMD, WB bone mineral content (BMC), and leptin, adiponectin and ghrelin were measured in 35 RG and 33 UC girls at baseline and at 12-month intervals over the next 3 years. The change over the 36 months was calculated (∆ score).
The pubertal development over the next 36 months was slower in RG compard to UC, while there was no difference in bone age development between the groups. BMD at all sites was higher in RG in comparison with UC at every measurement point. ∆LS BMD and ∆FN BMD, but not ∆WB BMD and ∆WB BMC, were higher in RG compared with UC. None of the measured hormones at baseline or their ∆ scores correlated with ∆BMD and ∆BMC in RG. Baseline fat free mass correlated with ∆WB BMD and ∆WB BMC in RG, while baseline leptin was related to ∆WB BMC, ∆WB BMD and ∆LS BMD in UC.
Measured baseline hormones and their ∆ scores did not correlate with increases in bone mineral values in RG entering puberty. Although the pubertal development in RG was slower than in UC, high-intensity training appeared to increase BMD growth and counterbalance negative effects of slow pubertal develpment, lower fat mass and leptin in RG.
研究进入青春期的艺术体操运动员（RG）及其年龄匹配的未受过训练的对照组（UC）在36个月期间骨矿物质密度（BMD）的变化，以及在此期间与瘦素、脂联素和胃饥饿素的相关性。
对35名RG女孩和33名UC女孩在基线时以及接下来3年中每隔12个月测量全身（WB）、腰椎（LS）和股骨颈（FN）的BMD、WB骨矿物质含量（BMC）以及瘦素、脂联素和胃饥饿素。计算36个月内的变化（∆分数）。
与UC相比，RG在接下来36个月的青春期发育较慢，而两组之间的骨龄发育没有差异。在每个测量点，RG所有部位的BMD均高于UC。与UC相比，RG的∆LS BMD和∆FN BMD较高，但∆WB BMD和∆WB BMC并非如此。在RG中，基线时测量的激素及其∆分数均与∆BMD和∆BMC无关。基线时的去脂体重与RG的∆WB BMD和∆WB BMC相关，而基线时的瘦素与UC的∆WB BMC、∆WB BMD和∆LS BMD相关。
进入青春期的RG中，测量的基线激素及其∆分数与骨矿物质值的增加无关。尽管RG的青春期发育比UC慢，但高强度训练似乎增加了BMD的增长，并抵消了RG中青春期发育缓慢、较低的脂肪量和瘦素的负面影响。
