Université de Lorraine, Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy (CRAN), UMR 7039, Campus Sciences, BP 70239, 54506, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
CNRS, Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy (CRAN), UMR 7039, Campus Sciences, BP 70239, 54506, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.
Drugs. 2015 Sep;75(14):1601-11. doi: 10.1007/s40265-015-0453-3.
The development of chemotherapy using conventional anticancer drugs has been hindered due to several drawbacks related to their poor water solubility and poor pharmacokinetics, leading to severe adverse side effects and multidrug resistance in patients. Nanocarriers were developed to palliate these problems by improving drug delivery, opening the era of nanomedicine in oncology. Liposomes have been by far the most used nanovectors for drug delivery, with liposomal doxorubicin receiving US FDA approval as early as 1995. Antibody drug conjugates and promising drug delivery systems based on a natural polymer, such as albumin, or a synthetic polymer, are currently undergoing advanced clinical trials or have received approval for clinical applications. However, despite attractive results being obtained in preclinical studies, many well-designed nanodrugs fell short of expectations when tested in patients, evidencing the gap between nanoparticle design and their clinical translation. The aim of this review is to evaluate the extent of nanotherapeutics used in oncology by providing an insight into the most successful concepts. The reasons that prevent nanodrugs from expanding to clinic are discussed, and the efforts that must be taken to take full advantage of the great potential of nanomedicine are highlighted.
由于其较差的水溶性和较差的药代动力学，传统抗癌药物的化疗发展受到阻碍，导致患者出现严重的不良反应和多药耐药性。纳米载体的开发通过改善药物递送来缓解这些问题，开创了肿瘤学的纳米医学时代。迄今为止，脂质体是最常用于药物递送的纳米载体，脂质体阿霉素早在 1995 年就获得了美国 FDA 的批准。抗体药物偶联物和基于天然聚合物（如白蛋白）或合成聚合物的有前途的药物递送系统正在进行先进的临床试验或已获准临床应用。然而，尽管在临床前研究中取得了有吸引力的结果，但当在患者中进行测试时，许多精心设计的纳米药物并未达到预期效果，这表明纳米颗粒设计与其临床转化之间存在差距。本综述旨在通过深入了解最成功的概念，评估纳米疗法在肿瘤学中的应用程度。讨论了阻止纳米药物在临床上广泛应用的原因，并强调了为充分利用纳米医学的巨大潜力而必须采取的措施。
