Zhang Yun-Fei, Lu Mai
Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2024 Aug 5;12:1432189. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1432189. eCollection 2024.
Magnetic induction hyperthermia (MIH), is a technique that has developed rapidly in recent years in the field of tumor thermotherapy. It implants a magnetic heating medium (millimeter-sized heat seeds, micron-sized magnetic particles and nanometer-sized magnetic fluids, etc.) inside the tumor. The material heats up under the induction of an external alternating magnetic field (100-500 kHz), which causes a high temperature zone to rapidly form in the local biological tissues and induces apoptosis in tumor cells. Magnetic induction hyperthermia has the advantages of high safety, strong targeting, repeatable treatment, and the size of the incision during treatment is negligible compared to surgical resection, and is currently used in clinical treatment. However, the millimeter-scale heat seed heating that is typically used in treatments can result in uneven temperatures within the tissue. Common MIH heating devices are bulky and complex in design, and are not easy for medical staff to get their hands on, which are issues that limit the diffusion of MIH. In this view, this paper will discuss the basic theoretical research on MIH and the progress of MIH-related technologies, with a focus on the latest research and development results and research hotspots of nanoscale ferromagnetic media and magnetic heat therapy devices, as well as the validation results and therapeutic efficacy of the new MIH technology on animal experiments and clinical trials. In this paper, it is found that induction heating using magnetic nanoparticles improves the uniformity of the temperature field, and the magneto-thermal properties of nanoscale ferromagnetic materials are significantly improved. The heating device was miniaturized to simplify the operation steps, while the focusing of the magnetic field was locally enhanced. However, there are fewer studies on the biotoxicity aspects of nanomedicines, and the localized alternating magnetic field uniformity used for heating and the safety of the alternating magnetic field after irradiation of the human body have not been sufficiently discussed. Ultimately, the purpose of this paper is to advance research related to magnetic induction thermotherapy that can be applied in clinical treatment.
磁感应热疗（MIH）是近年来在肿瘤热疗领域迅速发展起来的一项技术。它将磁性加热介质（毫米级热籽、微米级磁性颗粒和纳米级磁性流体等）植入肿瘤内部。该材料在外部交变磁场（100 - 500 kHz）的感应下升温，使局部生物组织中迅速形成高温区，诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡。磁感应热疗具有安全性高、靶向性强、可重复治疗等优点，且治疗时切口大小与手术切除相比可忽略不计，目前已应用于临床治疗。然而，治疗中通常使用的毫米级热籽加热会导致组织内温度不均匀。常见的MIH加热设备体积庞大且设计复杂，医护人员不易操作，这些问题限制了MIH的推广。鉴于此，本文将探讨MIH的基础理论研究及MIH相关技术的进展，重点关注纳米级铁磁介质和磁热疗设备的最新研发成果与研究热点，以及新型MIH技术在动物实验和临床试验中的验证结果与治疗效果。本文发现，使用磁性纳米颗粒进行感应加热可提高温度场的均匀性，纳米级铁磁材料的磁热性能也得到显著改善。加热设备实现了小型化，简化了操作步骤，同时局部增强了磁场聚焦。然而，关于纳米药物生物毒性方面的研究较少，用于加热的局部交变磁场均匀性以及人体照射后交变磁场的安全性尚未得到充分讨论。最终，本文旨在推进可应用于临床治疗的磁感应热疗相关研究。
