Stairs Courtney W, Leger Michelle M, Roger Andrew J
Centre for Comparative Genomics and Evolutionary Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2.
Centre for Comparative Genomics and Evolutionary Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Sir Charles Tupper Medical Building, 5850 College Street, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2015 Sep 26;370(1678):20140326. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0326.
Across the diversity of life, organisms have evolved different strategies to thrive in hypoxic environments, and microbial eukaryotes (protists) are no exception. Protists that experience hypoxia often possess metabolically distinct mitochondria called mitochondrion-related organelles (MROs). While there are some common metabolic features shared between the MROs of distantly related protists, these organelles have evolved independently multiple times across the breadth of eukaryotic diversity. Until recently, much of our knowledge regarding the metabolic potential of different MROs was limited to studies in parasitic lineages. Over the past decade, deep-sequencing studies of free-living anaerobic protists have revealed novel configurations of metabolic pathways that have been co-opted for life in low oxygen environments. Here, we provide recent examples of anaerobic metabolism in the MROs of free-living protists and their parasitic relatives. Additionally, we outline evolutionary scenarios to explain the origins of these anaerobic pathways in eukaryotes.
在整个生命的多样性中，生物体已经进化出不同的策略以在缺氧环境中繁衍生息，微生物真核生物（原生生物）也不例外。经历缺氧的原生生物通常拥有代谢上截然不同的线粒体，称为线粒体相关细胞器（MROs）。虽然在远缘相关原生生物的MROs之间存在一些共同的代谢特征，但这些细胞器在真核生物多样性的广度上已经独立进化了多次。直到最近，我们对不同MROs代谢潜力的许多了解还仅限于寄生谱系的研究。在过去十年中，对自由生活的厌氧原生生物的深度测序研究揭示了代谢途径的新构型，这些构型已被用于低氧环境中的生命活动。在这里，我们提供了自由生活的原生生物及其寄生亲属的MROs中厌氧代谢的最新例子。此外，我们概述了进化情景，以解释真核生物中这些厌氧途径的起源。
