Rautiainen Elina, Vallimies-Patomäki Marjukka
Department of Clinical Nutrition and Public Health, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Ministry of Social Affairs and Health, Helsinki, Finland.
Nurse Educ Today. 2016 Jan;36:96-104. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2015.08.004. Epub 2015 Aug 21.
The aim of this study was to generate information of postgraduate education in clinical nursing in the EU member states.
Data were collected via a structured electronic questionnaire and the questionnaire was sent to the government chief nurses in 26 EU countries in May 2013. Response rate was 46% (n=12).
In total, 42 domains of specialization were identified. The most common domains were intensive care, mental health, operating room, emergency care, and pediatrics. Specialization programs were organized by university in two of the respondent countries, as residency program in one country, and as a mix of them in four countries. Regulation practices varied remarkably between the countries: scope of practice, subjects, entry requirements, length of education, description of the minimum competence requirements, and education standards related to the specialization programs were most often regulated by act, decree or other regulation. In some of the countries, no registration was required beyond the initial registration, whereas in some others, registration practices varied depending on the specialization program. New information was gathered on the regulation practices of postgraduate education in clinical nursing in the European Region concerning title provision, entry requirements, and financing practices. The awarded title on specialization programs depended on the level of postgraduate education, and the title might vary between the domains. General clinical experience was included in the entry requirements in seven countries. The government was mainly responsible for financing the postgraduate education in four countries, employer in three countries, and in the rest of the countries, there was a combination of different financiers.
The importance of knowledge exchange on postgraduate education across the European countries needs to be acknowledged. Information provided by this study on international regulation practices provides useful information for the policy-makers regarding the organization of the postgraduate education in clinical nursing.
本研究旨在收集欧盟成员国临床护理研究生教育的相关信息。
通过结构化电子问卷收集数据，2013年5月向26个欧盟国家的政府首席护士发送了问卷。回复率为46%（n = 12）。
共确定了42个专业领域。最常见的领域是重症监护、心理健康、手术室、急诊护理和儿科。在两个受访国家，专业课程由大学组织；在一个国家，以住院医师培训项目的形式组织；在四个国家，则是两者结合的形式。各国的监管做法差异显著：执业范围、科目、入学要求、教育时长、最低能力要求描述以及与专业课程相关的教育标准大多由法律、法令或其他法规进行规范。在一些国家，除初始注册外无需其他注册，而在另一些国家，注册做法因专业课程而异。收集到了关于欧洲区域临床护理研究生教育在授予职称、入学要求和资助做法方面的新监管信息。专业课程授予的职称取决于研究生教育水平，且不同领域的职称可能有所不同。七个国家的入学要求中包括一般临床经验。在四个国家，政府主要负责资助研究生教育；在三个国家，由雇主负责；在其他国家，则是不同资助方的组合。
需要认识到欧洲各国之间研究生教育知识交流的重要性。本研究提供的关于国际监管做法的信息为政策制定者组织临床护理研究生教育提供了有用信息。
