Hershberg Ruth
Rachel & Menachem Mendelovitch Evolutionary Processes of Mutation & Natural Selection Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2015 Sep 1;7(9):a018077. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a018077.
Mutation is the engine of evolution in that it generates the genetic variation on which the evolutionary process depends. To understand the evolutionary process we must therefore characterize the rates and patterns of mutation. Starting with the seminal Luria and Delbruck fluctuation experiments in 1943, studies utilizing a variety of approaches have revealed much about mutation rates and patterns and about how these may vary between different bacterial strains and species along the chromosome and between different growth conditions. This work provides a critical overview of the results and conclusions drawn from these studies, of the debate surrounding some of these conclusions, and of the challenges faced when studying mutation and its role in bacterial evolution.
突变是进化的引擎，因为它产生了进化过程所依赖的遗传变异。因此，为了理解进化过程，我们必须描述突变的速率和模式。从1943年开创性的卢里亚和德尔布吕克波动实验开始，利用各种方法进行的研究已经揭示了许多关于突变速率和模式的信息，以及这些信息在不同细菌菌株和物种之间、沿着染色体以及在不同生长条件下可能如何变化。这项工作对这些研究的结果和结论、围绕其中一些结论的争论以及研究突变及其在细菌进化中的作用时所面临的挑战进行了批判性概述。
