Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Aalto University, School of Engineering, P.O. Box 12100, 00076 Aalto, Finland.
Laboratory of Environmental Technology, Lappeenranta University of Technology, P.O. Box 20, 53851 Lappeenranta, Finland.
Waste Manag. 2015 Dec;46:3-14. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.08.032. Epub 2015 Aug 31.
The rising awareness of decreasing natural resources has brought forward the idea of a circular economy and resource efficiency in Europe. As a part of this movement, European countries have identified the need to monitor residual waste flows in order to make recycling more efficient. In Finland, studies on the composition of residual household waste have mostly been conducted using different methods, which makes the comparison of the results difficult. The aim of this study was to develop a reliable method for residual household waste composition studies. First, a literature review on European study methods was performed. Also, 19 Finnish waste composition studies were compared in order to identify the shortcomings of the current Finnish residual household waste composition data. Moreover, the information needs of different waste management authorities concerning residual household waste were studied through a survey and personal interviews. Stratification, sampling, the classification of fractions and statistical analysis were identified as the key factors in a residual household waste composition study. The area studied should be divided into non-overlapping strata in order to decrease the heterogeneity of waste and enable comparisons between different waste producers. A minimum of six subsamples, each 100 kg, from each stratum should be sorted. Confidence intervals for each waste category should be determined in order to evaluate the applicability of the results. A new three-level classification system was created based on Finnish stakeholders' information needs and compared to four other European waste composition study classifications.
自然资源日益减少的意识促使欧洲提出了循环经济和资源效率的理念。作为这一运动的一部分，欧洲各国已经认识到需要监测残余废物流，以提高回收效率。在芬兰，对残余生活垃圾成分的研究大多使用不同的方法进行，这使得结果难以比较。本研究旨在开发一种可靠的残余生活垃圾成分研究方法。首先，对欧洲研究方法进行了文献回顾。此外，还对 19 项芬兰废物成分研究进行了比较，以确定当前芬兰残余生活垃圾成分数据的不足之处。此外，还通过调查和个人访谈研究了不同废物管理当局对残余生活垃圾的信息需求。分层、抽样、细分分类和统计分析被确定为残余生活垃圾成分研究的关键因素。为了降低废物的异质性，并能够在不同的废物产生者之间进行比较，研究区域应划分为不重叠的层。每个层应从至少 6 个 100 公斤的子样本进行分类。应确定每个废物类别的置信区间，以评估结果的适用性。根据芬兰利益相关者的信息需求创建了一个新的三级分类系统，并与其他四个欧洲废物成分研究分类进行了比较。
