Rossi-Barbosa Luiza Augusta Rosa, Barbosa Mirna Rossi, Morais Renata Martins, de Sousa Kamilla Ferreira, Silveira Marise Fagundes, Gama Ana Cristina Côrtes, Caldeira Antônio Prates
Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros-UNIMONTES, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Fonoaudióloga Clínica, Prefeitura Municipal de Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
J Voice. 2016 Nov;30(6):755.e25-755.e33. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.08.003. Epub 2015 Sep 4.
The present study aimed to identify factors associated with self-reported acute and chronic voice disorders among municipal elementary school teachers in the city of Montes Claros, in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil.
The dependent variable, self-reported dysphonia, was determined via a single question, "Have you noticed changes in your voice quality?" and if so, a follow-up question queried the duration of this change, acute or chronic. The independent variables were dichotomized and divided into five categories: sociodemographic and economic data; lifestyle; organizational and environmental data; health-disease processes; and voice. Analyses of associated factors were performed via a hierarchical multiple logistic regression model.
The present study included 226 teachers, of whom 38.9% reported no voice disorders, 35.4% reported an acute disorder, and 25.7% reported a chronic disorder. Excessive voice use daily, consuming more than one alcoholic drink per time, and seeking medical treatment because of voice disorders were associated factors for acute and chronic voice disorders. Consuming up to three glasses of water per day was associated with acute voice disorders. Among teachers who reported chronic voice disorders, teaching for over 15 years and the perception of disturbing or unbearable noise outside the school were both associated factors.
Identification of organizational, environmental, and predisposing risk factors for voice disorders is critical, and furthermore, a vocal health promotion program may address these issues.
本研究旨在确定巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州蒙特斯克拉罗斯市公立小学教师自我报告的急性和慢性嗓音障碍相关因素。
通过一个单一问题“你是否注意到嗓音质量的变化？”确定因变量自我报告的发声困难，如果是，则通过后续问题询问这种变化的持续时间，是急性还是慢性。自变量进行二分法划分并分为五类：社会人口统计学和经济数据；生活方式；组织和环境数据；健康疾病过程；以及嗓音。通过分层多元逻辑回归模型进行相关因素分析。
本研究纳入226名教师，其中38.9%报告无嗓音障碍，35.4%报告急性障碍，25.7%报告慢性障碍。每日过度用嗓、每次饮用超过一杯酒精饮料以及因嗓音障碍就医是急性和慢性嗓音障碍的相关因素。每天饮用至多三杯水与急性嗓音障碍相关。在报告有慢性嗓音障碍的教师中，教龄超过15年以及对校外干扰性或难以忍受的噪音的感知都是相关因素。
识别嗓音障碍的组织、环境和诱发风险因素至关重要，此外，嗓音健康促进项目可能会解决这些问题。
