Clementino-Neto José, Pereira Joedna C, Vasconcelos Luiz H C, de Souza Iara L L, Silva Anne D S, Silva Telma M G, Ramos Natalia S M, Pessôa Hilzeth L F, Silva Tania M S, da Silva Bagnólia A, de Cavalcante Fabiana A
Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Escola de Enfermagem e Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil.
Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
Planta Med. 2016 Jan;82(1-2):58-64. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1557831. Epub 2015 Sep 14.
Solanum paniculatum is popularly known as "jurubeba-verdadeira". In folk medicine, its roots, stems, and leaves are used as tonics, anti-inflammatories, carminatives, diuretics, and for gastrointestinal disorders. This species is listed in the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia and belongs to the "Relação Nacional de Plantas Medicinais de Interesse ao SUS". Based on folk medicine data of the Solanum genus, we decided to investigate whether the crude ethanol extract from S. paniculatum aerial parts presents toxicological, antidiarrheal, and spasmolytic activities. The crude ethanol extract from S. paniculatum aerial parts did not produce in vitro or in vivo toxicity and showed dose-dependent antidiarrheal activity, inhibiting equipotently both the defecation frequency (ED50 = 340.3 ± 35.1 mg/kg) and liquid stool formation (ED50 = 370.1 ± 19.4 mg/kg) in mice. Conversely, the crude ethanol extract from S. paniculatum aerial parts did not inhibit normal intestinal transit, even though it has shown a dose-dependent reduction of both the castor oil-induced intestinal transit (Emax = 36.9 ± 1.3 %, ED50 = 242.0 ± 8.6 mg/kg) and intestinal fluid content (Emax = 74.8 ± 2.4 %, ED50 = 328.9 ± 15.9 mg/kg). Additionally, the crude ethanol extract from S. paniculatum aerial parts was approximately 2-fold more potent in antagonizing the phasic contractions induced with histamine (IC50 = 63.7 ± 3.5 µg/mL) than carbachol 10(-6) M (IC50 = 129.3 ± 14.1 µg/mL). Therefore, we concluded that the crude ethanol extract from S. paniculatum aerial parts presents antidiarrheal activity in mice related to the inhibition of small intestinal motility and secretion as well as nonselective spasmolytic activity on the guinea pig ileum.
刺茄俗称“真茹鲁贝巴”。在民间医学中，其根、茎和叶被用作滋补剂、抗炎药、驱风剂、利尿剂，用于治疗胃肠道疾病。该物种被列入《巴西药典》，属于“国家基本药物植物相关名录”。基于茄属植物的民间医学数据，我们决定研究刺茄地上部分的粗乙醇提取物是否具有毒理学、抗腹泻和解痉活性。刺茄地上部分的粗乙醇提取物在体外或体内均未产生毒性，并表现出剂量依赖性的抗腹泻活性，在小鼠中同等程度地抑制排便频率（ED50 = 340.3 ± 35.1 mg/kg）和稀便形成（ED50 = 370.1 ± 19.4 mg/kg）。相反，刺茄地上部分的粗乙醇提取物虽显示出对蓖麻油诱导的肠道转运（Emax = 36.9 ± 1.3%，ED50 = 242.0 ± 8.6 mg/kg）和肠液含量（Emax = 74.8 ± 2.4%，ED50 = 328.9 ± 15.9 mg/kg）均有剂量依赖性降低，但并未抑制正常肠道转运。此外，刺茄地上部分的粗乙醇提取物拮抗组胺诱导的相性收缩（IC50 = 63.7 ± 3.5 μg/mL）的效力约为10(-6) M卡巴胆碱（IC50 = 129.3 ± 14.1 μg/mL）的2倍。因此，我们得出结论，刺茄地上部分的粗乙醇提取物在小鼠中具有抗腹泻活性，与抑制小肠运动和分泌以及对豚鼠回肠的非选择性解痉活性有关。
