Seybold Bryan A, Phillips Elizabeth A K, Schreiner Christoph E, Hasenstaub Andrea R
Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Coleman Memorial Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Coleman Memorial Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
Neuron. 2015 Sep 23;87(6):1181-1192. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.09.013.
Cortical function is regulated by a strikingly diverse array of local-circuit inhibitory neurons. We evaluated how optogenetically activating somatostatin- and parvalbumin-positive interneurons subtractively or divisively suppressed auditory cortical cells' responses to tones. In both awake and anesthetized animals, we found that activating either family of interneurons produced mixtures of divisive and subtractive effects and that simultaneously recorded neurons were often suppressed in qualitatively different ways. A simple network model shows that threshold nonlinearities can interact with network activity to transform subtractive inhibition of neurons into divisive inhibition of networks, or vice versa. Varying threshold and the strength of suppression of a model neuron could determine whether the effect of inhibition appeared divisive, subtractive, or both. We conclude that the characteristics of response inhibition specific to a single interneuron type can be "masked" by the network configuration and cellular properties of the network in which they are embedded.
皮质功能受种类惊人的多种局部回路抑制性神经元调节。我们评估了通过光遗传学激活生长抑素和小白蛋白阳性中间神经元是如何以相减或相除的方式抑制听觉皮质细胞对音调的反应的。在清醒和麻醉的动物中，我们发现激活任一中间神经元家族都会产生相除和相减效应的混合，并且同时记录的神经元常常以性质不同的方式受到抑制。一个简单的网络模型表明，阈值非线性可以与网络活动相互作用，将神经元的相减抑制转化为网络的相除抑制，反之亦然。改变模型神经元的阈值和抑制强度可以决定抑制效应是呈现相除、相减还是两者皆有。我们得出结论，特定单一中间神经元类型的反应抑制特征可能会被其所处网络的网络结构和细胞特性“掩盖”。
