Broussolle Emmanuel, Laurencin Chloé, Bernard Emilien, Thobois Stéphane, Danaila Teodor, Krack Paul
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Service de Neurologie C, Lyon, France ; Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Faculté de Médecine et de Maïeutique Lyon Sud Charles Mérieux, Lyon, France ; CNRS UMR 5229, Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives, Bron, France.
Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Service de Neurologie C, Lyon, France ; Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Faculté de Médecine et de Maïeutique Lyon Sud Charles Mérieux, Lyon, France.
Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y). 2015 Sep 21;5:332. doi: 10.7916/D8KD1X74. eCollection 2015.
Geste antagoniste, or sensory trick, is a voluntary maneuver that temporarily reduces the severity of dystonic postures or movements. We present a historical review of early reports and illustrations of geste antagoniste.
In 1894, Brissaud described this phenomenon in Paris in patients with torticollis. He noted that a violent muscular contraction could be reversed by a minor voluntary action. He considered the improvement obtained by what he called "simple mannerisms, childish behaviour or fake pathological movements" was proof of the psychogenic origin of what he named mental torticollis. This concept was supported by photographical illustrations of the patients. The term geste antagoniste was used by Brissaud's pupils, Meige and Feindel, in their 1902 monograph on movement disorders. Other reports and illustrations of this sign were published in Europe between 1894 and 1906. Although not mentioned explicitly, geste antagoniste was also illustrated in a case report of generalized dystonia in Oppenheim's 1911 seminal description of dystonia musculorum deformans in Berlin.
Brissaud-Meige's misinterpretation of the geste antagoniste unfortunately anchored the psychogenic origin of dystonia for decades. In New York, Herz brought dystonia back into the realm of organic neurology in 1944. Thereafter, it was given prominence by other authors, notably Fahn and Marsden in the 1970-1980s. Nowadays, neurologists routinely investigate for geste antagoniste when a dystonic syndrome is suspected, because it provides a further argument in favor of dystonia. The term alleviating maneuver was proposed in 2014 to replace sensory trick or geste antagoniste. This major sign is now part of the motor phenomenology of the 2013 Movement Disorder Society's classification of dystonia.
对抗性动作，即感觉技巧，是一种可暂时减轻肌张力障碍姿势或动作严重程度的自主动作。我们对早期关于对抗性动作的报告及插图进行了历史回顾。
1894年，布里索在巴黎对患有斜颈的患者描述了这一现象。他指出，一个轻微的自主动作可以逆转剧烈的肌肉收缩。他认为通过他所谓的“简单的习惯性动作、幼稚行为或假装的病态动作”所获得的改善证明了他所命名的精神性斜颈的心理源性。患者的照片插图支持了这一概念。布里索的学生梅热和费德尔在他们1902年关于运动障碍的专著中使用了“对抗性动作”一词。1894年至1906年间，欧洲发表了关于这一征象的其他报告和插图。尽管未明确提及，但在奥本海姆1911年于柏林对变形性肌张力障碍的开创性描述中，一份关于全身性肌张力障碍的病例报告中也展示了对抗性动作。
不幸的是，布里索 - 梅热对对抗性动作的错误解读使肌张力障碍的心理源性观点在几十年里根深蒂固。1944年，在纽约，赫茨将肌张力障碍重新带回器质性神经病学领域。此后，其他作者，尤其是20世纪70 - 80年代的法恩和马斯登，使其受到关注。如今，当怀疑患有肌张力障碍综合征时，神经科医生通常会检查是否存在对抗性动作，因为它为肌张力障碍提供了进一步的证据。2014年有人提出用“缓解动作”一词来取代感觉技巧或对抗性动作。这一主要征象现在是2013年运动障碍协会肌张力障碍分类中运动现象学的一部分。
