Kregel Jeroen, Vuijk Pieter J, Descheemaeker Filip, Keizer Doeke, van der Noord Robert, Nijs Jo, Cagnie Barbara, Meeus Mira, van Wilgen Paul
*Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, Ghent †Departments of Human Physiology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Physical Education & Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels #Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium ‡"Pain in Motion" International Research Group, www.paininmotion.be §Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam ∥Transcare, Transdisciplinary Pain Management Center ¶Inter-Fysio, Physical Therapy Practice, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Clin J Pain. 2016 Jul;32(7):624-30. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0000000000000306.
A standardized assessment of central sensitization can be performed with the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI), an English questionnaire consisting of 25 items relating to current health symptoms. The aim of this study was to translate the CSI into Dutch, to perform a factor analysis to reveal the underlying structure, examine its discriminative power, and test-retest reliability.
The CSI was first translated into Dutch. A factor analysis was conducted on CSI data of a large group of chronic pain patients (n=368). The ability to discriminate between chronic pain patients (n=188) and pain-free controls (n=49) was determined and the test-retest reliability for chronic pain patients (n=36) and controls (n=45) with a time interval of 3 weeks was evaluated.
The exploratory factor analysis resulted in a 4-factor model based on 20 items, representing the domains "General disability and physical symptoms" (Cronbach α=0.80), "Higher central sensitivity"(Cronbach α=0.78), "Urological and dermatological symptoms"(Cronbach α=0.60), and "Emotional distress"(Cronbach α=0.80). Furthermore, a parsimonious second-order factor model was found, where the factor "General central sensitization" was underlying the 4 first-order factors. Chronic pain patients scored significantly worse on all 4 factors. The test-retest reliability was excellent values in both chronic pain patients (ICC=0.88) and controls (ICC=0.91).
The original CSI was translated into Dutch and did not reveal any problems during data acquisition. The domains represented by the 4 factors may be useful in setting up specific patient profiles and treatment targets. To conclude, the Dutch CSI revealed 4 distinguishable domains, showed good internal consistency for the total score and 3 out of 4 domains, good discriminative power, and excellent test-retest reliability.
可使用中枢敏化量表（CSI）对中枢敏化进行标准化评估，该量表是一份英文问卷，包含25项与当前健康症状相关的内容。本研究的目的是将CSI翻译成荷兰语，进行因子分析以揭示其潜在结构，检验其区分能力和重测信度。
首先将CSI翻译成荷兰语。对一大组慢性疼痛患者（n = 368）的CSI数据进行因子分析。确定区分慢性疼痛患者（n = 188）和无疼痛对照组（n = 49）的能力，并评估慢性疼痛患者（n = 36）和对照组（n = 45）在3周时间间隔下的重测信度。
探索性因子分析得出一个基于20项内容的四因子模型，代表“一般残疾和身体症状”（克朗巴哈α系数 = 0.80）、“更高的中枢敏感性”（克朗巴哈α系数 = 0.78）、“泌尿系统和皮肤症状”（克朗巴哈α系数 = 0.60）以及“情绪困扰”（克朗巴哈α系数 = 0.80）领域。此外，还发现了一个简约二阶因子模型，其中“一般中枢敏化”因子是四个一阶因子的基础。慢性疼痛患者在所有四个因子上的得分均显著更差。慢性疼痛患者（组内相关系数ICC = 0.88）和对照组（ICC = 0.91）的重测信度值均极佳。
原始的CSI被翻译成荷兰语，在数据收集过程中未发现任何问题。四个因子所代表的领域可能有助于建立特定的患者概况和治疗目标。总之，荷兰语版CSI揭示了四个可区分的领域，总分及四个领域中的三个领域显示出良好的内部一致性，具有良好的区分能力和极佳的重测信度。
