Carmona Erico R, Inostroza-Blancheteau Claudio, Rubio Laura, Marcos Ricard
Grupo de Genotoxicología, Núcleo de Investigación en Estudios Ambientales, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
Núcleo de Investigación en Producción Alimentaria, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Escuela de Agronomía, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile.
Toxicol Ind Health. 2016 Dec;32(12):1987-2001. doi: 10.1177/0748233715599472. Epub 2015 Sep 29.
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONP) are manufactured on a large scale and can be found in a variety of consumer products, such as sunscreens, lotions, paints and food additives. Few studies have been carried out on its genotoxic potential and related mechanisms in whole organisms. In the present study, the in vivo genotoxic activity of ZnONP and its bulk form was assayed using the wing-spot test and comet assay in Drosophila melanogaster Additionally, a lipid peroxidation analysis using the thiobarbituric acid assay was also performed. Results obtained with the wing-spot test showed a lack of genotoxic activity of both ZnO forms. However, when both particle sizes were tested in the comet assay using larvae haemocytes, a significant increase in DNA damage was observed for ZnONP treatments but only at the higher dose applied. In addition, the lipid peroxidation assay showed significant malondialdehyde (MDA) induction for both ZnO forms, but the induction of MDA for ZnONP was higher for the ZnO bulk, suggesting that the observed DNA strand breaks could be induced by mediated oxidative stress. The overall data suggest that the potential genotoxicity of ZnONP in Drosophila can be considered weak according to the lack of mutagenic and recombinogenic effects and the induction of primary DNA damage only at high toxic doses of ZnONP. This study is the first assessing the genotoxic and oxidative stress potential of nano and bulk ZnO particles in Drosophila.
氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnONP）大量生产，可在多种消费品中找到，如防晒霜、乳液、涂料和食品添加剂。关于其在整个生物体中的遗传毒性潜力及相关机制的研究很少。在本研究中，使用果蝇的翅斑试验和彗星试验测定了ZnONP及其块状形式的体内遗传毒性活性。此外，还使用硫代巴比妥酸试验进行了脂质过氧化分析。翅斑试验结果表明两种氧化锌形式均缺乏遗传毒性活性。然而，当使用幼虫血细胞在彗星试验中测试两种粒径时，观察到ZnONP处理的DNA损伤显著增加，但仅在施用的较高剂量下。此外，脂质过氧化试验表明两种氧化锌形式均有显著的丙二醛（MDA）诱导，但ZnONP的MDA诱导高于块状氧化锌，这表明观察到的DNA链断裂可能是由介导的氧化应激诱导的。总体数据表明，根据缺乏诱变和重组效应以及仅在高毒性剂量的ZnONP下诱导原发性DNA损伤，ZnONP在果蝇中的潜在遗传毒性可被认为较弱。本研究是首次评估纳米和块状氧化锌颗粒在果蝇中的遗传毒性和氧化应激潜力。
