Akinosho Hannah, Rydzak Thomas, Borole Abhijeet, Ragauskas Arthur, Close Dan
Renewable BioProducts Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
Ecotoxicology. 2015 Dec;24(10):2156-74. doi: 10.1007/s10646-015-1543-4. Epub 2015 Sep 30.
Bioethanol production output has increased steadily over the last two decades and is now beginning to become competitive with traditional liquid transportation fuels due to advances in engineering, the identification of new production host organisms, and the development of novel biodesign strategies. A significant portion of these efforts has been dedicated to mitigating the toxicological challenges encountered across the bioethanol production process. From the release of potentially cytotoxic or inhibitory compounds from input feedstocks, through the metabolic co-synthesis of ethanol and potentially detrimental byproducts, and to the potential cytotoxicity of ethanol itself, each stage of bioethanol production requires the application of genetic or engineering controls that ensure the host organisms remain healthy and productive to meet the necessary economies required for large scale production. In addition, as production levels continue to increase, there is an escalating focus on the detoxification of the resulting waste streams to minimize their environmental impact. This review will present the major toxicological challenges encountered throughout each stage of the bioethanol production process and the commonly employed strategies for reducing or eliminating potential toxic effects.
在过去二十年中，生物乙醇产量稳步增长，由于工程技术的进步、新型生产宿主生物的发现以及新型生物设计策略的发展，生物乙醇如今开始与传统液体运输燃料形成竞争。这些努力的很大一部分致力于应对生物乙醇生产过程中遇到的毒理学挑战。从输入原料中释放出潜在的细胞毒性或抑制性化合物，到乙醇与潜在有害副产物的代谢共合成，再到乙醇本身的潜在细胞毒性，生物乙醇生产的每个阶段都需要应用基因或工程控制手段，以确保宿主生物保持健康并高效生产，满足大规模生产所需的必要经济性。此外，随着产量持续增加，人们越来越关注对产生的废物流进行解毒，以尽量减少其对环境的影响。本综述将介绍生物乙醇生产过程各阶段遇到的主要毒理学挑战，以及减少或消除潜在毒性作用的常用策略。
