Bensalah Leila, Stefaniak Nicolas, Carre Arnaud, Besche-Richard Chrystel
Department of Psychology, University of Reims, Reims, France.
Université de Savoie Mont Blanc, LIPPC2S, EA4145, Chambéry, F-73000, France.
Behav Res Methods. 2016 Dec;48(4):1410-1420. doi: 10.3758/s13428-015-0650-8.
We adapted the adult French version of the Basic Empathy Scale to French children aged 6-11 years, in order to probe the factorial structure underlying empathy. A total of 410 children (189 girls and 221 boys) were instructed to fill out the resulting Basic Empathy Scale in Children (BES-C). Results showed that, as in adulthood, the three-factor model of empathy (i.e., emotional contagion, cognitive empathy, and emotional disconnection) was more relevant than the one- and two-factor ones. This means that as early as 6 years of age, children's responses should reflect the same organization of the three components of empathy as those of adults. In line with the literature, cognitive empathy increased and emotional disconnection decreased in middle childhood, while emotional contagion remained stable. Moreover, girls exhibited greater emotional contagion than boys, with the reverse pattern being observed for emotional disconnection. No sex difference was found regarding cognitive empathy.
我们将成人版法语基本共情量表改编为适用于6至11岁法国儿童的版本，以探究共情背后的因子结构。总共410名儿童（189名女孩和221名男孩）被要求填写由此产生的儿童基本共情量表（BES-C）。结果表明，与成人情况一样，共情的三因素模型（即情绪感染、认知共情和情绪解离）比单因素和双因素模型更合适。这意味着早在6岁时，儿童的反应就应反映出与成人相同的共情三个成分的组织方式。与文献一致的是，在童年中期，认知共情增加，情绪解离减少，而情绪感染保持稳定。此外，女孩表现出比男孩更强的情绪感染，而在情绪解离方面则观察到相反的模式。在认知共情方面未发现性别差异。
