Rajavi Zhale, Sabbaghi Hamideh, Baghini Ahmad Shojaei, Yaseri Mehdi, Sheibani Koroush, Norouzi Ghazal
Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Ophthalmology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Basir Eye Safety Research Center, Basir Eye Clinic, Tehran, Iran.
J Ophthalmic Vis Res. 2015 Apr-Jun;10(2):130-8. doi: 10.4103/2008-322X.163778.
To determine the prevalence of color vision deficiency (CVD) and its correlation with amblyopia and refractive errors among primary school children.
In this population-based cross-sectional study, 2160 children were selected from 36 primary schools; 60 students were from each school (10 students in each grade), with equal sex distribution. A complete eye examination including refraction using a photorefractometer, determination of visual acuity (VA) and color vision using a Yang vision tester, and evaluation of ocular media opacity using a direct ophthalmoscope was performed. Children who could not answer at least 4 plates of the Ishihara color test were considered as color vision deficient subjects. Amblyopia was determined if pinhole VA was worse than 0.3 LogMAR (equal to 20/40).
The prevalence of CVD was 2.2% (95% CI: 1.5% to 3%) which was higher in male subjects (37 [3.5%] boys vs. 11 [1.0%] girls, P < 0.001). Mean VA was lower among students with CVD as compared to normal color vision children (P = 0.035) and amblyopia was observed in 8.3% (95% CI: 0.2% to 16.4%) of patients with CVD versus 2.1% (95% CI: 1.5% to 2.08%) of children with normal color vision perception (P = 0.005). A statistically significant correlation between lower VA and CVD was observed (P = 0.023).
Although CVD was correlated with lower VA and amblyopia, there was no relationship between CVD and the type of amblyopia, refractive error, anisometropia or strabismus.
确定小学生中色觉缺陷（CVD）的患病率及其与弱视和屈光不正的相关性。
在这项基于人群的横断面研究中，从36所小学选取了2160名儿童；每所学校60名学生（每个年级10名），性别分布均衡。进行了全面的眼部检查，包括使用自动验光仪验光、使用杨式视力测试仪测定视力（VA）和色觉，以及使用直接检眼镜评估眼内介质混浊情况。不能正确回答至少4张石原色盲测试图的儿童被视为色觉缺陷受试者。如果针孔视力比0.3 LogMAR差（相当于20/40），则判定为弱视。
CVD的患病率为2.2%（95%置信区间：1.5%至3%），男性受试者的患病率更高（37名[3.5%]男孩 vs. 11名[1.0%]女孩，P < 0.001）。与色觉正常的儿童相比，CVD学生的平均视力较低（P = 0.035），CVD患者中8.3%（95%置信区间：0.2%至16.4%）患有弱视，而色觉正常的儿童中这一比例为2.1%（95%置信区间：1.5%至2.08%）（P = 0.005）。观察到视力降低与CVD之间存在统计学显著相关性（P = 0.023）。
尽管CVD与较低的视力和弱视相关，但CVD与弱视类型、屈光不正、屈光参差或斜视之间没有关系。
