Bouchard C
Physical Activity Sciences Laboratory, PEPS, Laval University, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada.
Med Clin North Am. 1989 Jan;73(1):67-81. doi: 10.1016/s0025-7125(16)30692-7.
Several points should be emphasized in summarizing the role of biological inheritance in human body-fat variation. First, at least two kinds of genetic effects must be considered: the additive genetic effect and the genotype-environment interaction effect. Second, from the data reviewed here, we conclude that the additive genetic effect in amount of subcutaneous fat is quite low but that it is higher (around 25 to 30 per cent) for fat mass and regional fat distribution. These results suggest that visceral fat, perhaps, is more influenced by the genotype than subcutaneous fat. Third, it appears that a genotype-overfeeding interaction component exists for body fat, which suggests that sensitivity of individuals to changes in body fat following overfeeding are genotype-dependent. Fourth, the limited data available suggest that the genotype accounts for a significant fraction (equal to or greater than 40 per cent) of the individual differences in RMR, TEM, and TEE. Fifth, one finds a slight genetic effect for the proportion of protein, fat, and carbohydrate in the diet. Sixth, there is some indication that individual differences in habitual physical activity level are characterized by a significant genetic component. The search for genetic markers of the various obesity phenotypes has not been initiated to any extent at this time. However, one can anticipate considerable development in this area in the coming decade.
在总结生物遗传在人体脂肪变化中的作用时，有几点需要强调。首先，至少必须考虑两种遗传效应：加性遗传效应和基因型 - 环境相互作用效应。其次，从这里回顾的数据来看，我们得出结论，皮下脂肪量的加性遗传效应相当低，但对于脂肪量和局部脂肪分布来说，该效应较高（约25%至30%）。这些结果表明，内脏脂肪可能比皮下脂肪受基因型的影响更大。第三，似乎存在一个针对体脂的基因型 - 过度喂养相互作用成分，这表明个体在过度喂养后对体脂变化的敏感性取决于基因型。第四，现有的有限数据表明，基因型在静息代谢率（RMR）、食物热效应（TEM）和总能量消耗（TEE）的个体差异中占很大比例（等于或大于40%）。第五，人们发现饮食中蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物的比例存在轻微的遗传效应。第六，有迹象表明，习惯性身体活动水平的个体差异具有显著的遗传成分。目前尚未在任何程度上启动对各种肥胖表型的遗传标记的搜索。然而，可以预见在未来十年这一领域将有相当大的发展。
