Bouchard C, Pérusse L
Physical Activity Sciences Laboratory, Laval University, Ste-Foy, Québec, Canada.
Annu Rev Nutr. 1988;8:259-77. doi: 10.1146/annurev.nu.08.070188.001355.
The genetics of human obesity was reviewed here in terms of studies dealing with body fat and fat distribution. The role of heredity was examined by reviewing genetic disorders in which obesity is a clinical feature. Two kinds of genetic effects were discussed: the additive genetic effect and the genotype-environment interaction effect. Several indicators of body fat exist, including body mass index, amount of subcutaneous fat, percentage body fat, fat mass, regional fat distribution, and subcutaneous fat pattern. A low additive genetic effect of less than 10% of human phenotypic variation is found in body mass index and amount of subcutaneous fat, while percentage body fat, fat mass, fat distribution, and fat patterning are characterized by heritability estimates of about 25%. On the other hand, a recent study demonstrates that there is an important genotype-environment interaction effect in human body fat variation induced by overfeeding. Limitations of current approaches to the study of the genetics of human body fat and obesity are considered and comments are offered concerning promising areas of future research.
本文根据有关体脂和脂肪分布的研究对人类肥胖遗传学进行了综述。通过回顾以肥胖为临床特征的遗传疾病来研究遗传的作用。讨论了两种遗传效应：加性遗传效应和基因型 - 环境相互作用效应。存在几种体脂指标，包括体重指数、皮下脂肪量、体脂百分比、脂肪量、局部脂肪分布和皮下脂肪模式。在体重指数和皮下脂肪量方面发现了低于人类表型变异10%的低加性遗传效应，而体脂百分比、脂肪量、脂肪分布和脂肪模式的遗传度估计约为25%。另一方面，最近的一项研究表明，在过量喂养引起的人体脂肪变异中存在重要的基因型 - 环境相互作用效应。考虑了当前人体脂肪和肥胖遗传学研究方法的局限性，并对未来有前景的研究领域提出了评论。
