Ostrand-Rosenberg Suzanne
Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, United States.
Cell Immunol. 2016 Jan;299:23-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.09.011. Epub 2015 Sep 30.
The concept of immunological tolerance has guided and permeated much of modern immunology. Ray Owen's ground-breaking observations in twin cattle provided the first mechanistic explanation for tolerance to self-molecules and established tolerance as a beneficial process that protects the host against autoreactivity. However, his studies also opened the door to understanding that tolerance may be detrimental, such as occurs when cancer cells induce tolerance/immune suppression resulting in inhibition of anti-tumor immunity. This article briefly traces the early history of the field of tumor immunology with respect to tolerance, and then focuses on a relatively recently identified population of cells called myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). MDSC are instrumental in causing tolerance/immune suppression in individuals with cancer. They are present in most individuals with cancer and because of their potent immune suppressive activity are a major deterrent to natural anti-tumor immunity and a significant obstacle to immunotherapy.
免疫耐受的概念贯穿并指导了现代免疫学的许多方面。雷·欧文对孪生牛的开创性观察为自身分子耐受提供了首个机理解释，并确立了耐受是一种保护宿主免受自身反应性侵害的有益过程。然而，他的研究也开启了人们对耐受可能有害的认识，比如癌细胞诱导耐受/免疫抑制从而抑制抗肿瘤免疫时的情况。本文简要追溯了肿瘤免疫学领域中关于耐受的早期历史，然后重点关注一类相对较新发现的细胞群，即髓源性抑制细胞（MDSC）。MDSC在导致癌症患者出现耐受/免疫抑制方面发挥着作用。它们存在于大多数癌症患者体内，由于其强大的免疫抑制活性，是天然抗肿瘤免疫的主要阻碍以及免疫治疗的重大障碍。
