Manga Mohammed Mohammed, Fowotade Adeola, Abdullahi Yusuf Mohammed, El-Nafaty Aliyu Usman, Adamu Danladi Bojude, Pindiga Hamidu Umar, Bakare Rasheed Ajani, Osoba Abimbola Olu
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe, Gombe, Gombe state Nigeria.
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University College Hospital Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo state Nigeria.
Infect Agent Cancer. 2015 Oct 2;10:39. doi: 10.1186/s13027-015-0035-8. eCollection 2015.
Sub-Saharan countries including Nigeria have the highest burden of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the world. Most studies on HPV surveillance in Nigeria were done in the southern part of the country. Geographical and socio-cultural diversity of Nigeria makes these data unlikely to be universally representative for the entire country. Northern Nigeria especially the North-East carries a higher prevalence of cervical cancer and many of its risk factors. The region may be harbouring a higher prevalence of HPV infection with a possibility of different genotypic distribution. This study was carried out to determine the burden and confirm the predominant HPV genotypes among women presenting for cervical cancer screening at the Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe (FTHG), North-eastern, Nigeria.
The study was an observational hospital based cross sectional study among women who presented for cervical cancer screening in FTHG. A total of 209 consenting women were tested for cervical HPV infection using PCR. DNA sequencing was carried out on positive samples to determine the prevalent HPV genotypes.
The prevalence of cervical HPV infection among the participants with mean age of 39.6 ± 10.4 years was 48.1 %. The five most predominant genotypes were 18, 16, 33, 31 and 35, with prevalence of 44.7 %, 13.2 %, 7.9 %, 5.3 % and 5.3 % respectively. Other genotypes observed were 38, 45, 56, 58, 82 and KC5. Multiple HPV infections were detected among 7.9 % of participants. Risk factors such as level of education (X (2) = 15.897; p = 0.007), age at sexual debut (X (2) = 6.916; p = 0.009), parity (X (2) = 23.767; p = 0.000), number of life time sexual partners (X (2) = 7.805; p = 0.005), age at first pregnancy (X (2) = 10.554; p = 0.005) and history of other malignancies (X (2) = 7.325; p = 0.007) were found to have a statistically significant association with HPV infection.
This study identified a high burden of HPV infection in Northern Nigeria while also confirming HPV 18 and 16 as the most predominant genotypes. It further justifies the potential benefit of the currently available HPV vaccines in the area. A larger and community based study is however recommended for better representation of the area.
包括尼日利亚在内的撒哈拉以南国家是世界上人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染负担最高的地区。尼日利亚大多数关于HPV监测的研究都在该国南部进行。尼日利亚的地理和社会文化多样性使得这些数据不太可能普遍代表整个国家。尼日利亚北部尤其是东北部宫颈癌及其许多危险因素的患病率较高。该地区可能HPV感染率更高，且基因型分布可能不同。本研究旨在确定尼日利亚东北部贡贝联邦教学医院（FTHG）接受宫颈癌筛查的女性中HPV的感染负担，并确认主要的HPV基因型。
本研究是一项基于医院的观察性横断面研究，对象为在FTHG接受宫颈癌筛查的女性。共有209名同意参与的女性接受了宫颈HPV感染的PCR检测。对阳性样本进行DNA测序以确定流行的HPV基因型。
参与者的平均年龄为39.6±10.4岁，宫颈HPV感染率为48.1%。五种最主要的基因型为18、16、33、31和35，患病率分别为44.7%、13.2%、7.9%、5.3%和5.3%。观察到的其他基因型为38、45、56、58、82和KC5。7.9%的参与者检测到多重HPV感染。教育程度（X（2）=15.897；p=0.007）、首次性行为年龄（X（2）=6.916；p=0.009）、产次（X（2）=23.767；p=0.000）、终身性伴侣数量（X（2）=7.805；p=0.005）、首次怀孕年龄（X（2）=10.554；p=0.005）和其他恶性肿瘤病史（X（2）=7.325；p=0.007）等危险因素与HPV感染有统计学上的显著关联。
本研究确定尼日利亚北部HPV感染负担较高，同时也确认HPV 18和16是最主要的基因型。这进一步证明了目前可用的HPV疫苗在该地区的潜在益处。然而，建议进行更大规模的基于社区的研究，以便更好地代表该地区情况。
