Chen Lin, Zhang Zhongheng
Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jinhua Municipal Central Hospital, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jinhua 321000, China.
Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2015 Aug;5(4):618-23. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4292.2015.05.04.
Ultrasonography (US) has found its way into the critical care and emergency settings for the evaluation of acute respiratory failure conditions in recent years. It is useful for the diagnosis of varieties of abnormalities involving pleura and lung such as pleural effusion, alveolar interstitial syndrome, and pneumothorax (PTX). In addition to its reproducibility and timeliness, US has high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of these conditions. The most widely used method for bedside evaluation of PTX is chest X-ray (CXR). However, the diagnostic sensitivity of CXR in detecting PTX is limited especially in occult PTX and when the patient is assumed supine position. Computed tomography (CT) is the gold standard in the evaluation of PTX, but is limited by its high radiation exposure and safety concerns in transporting critically ill patients. In this paper we review current advances in PTX diagnosis using US.
近年来，超声检查（US）已进入重症监护和急诊环境，用于评估急性呼吸衰竭状况。它有助于诊断涉及胸膜和肺部的各种异常情况，如胸腔积液、肺泡间质综合征和气胸（PTX）。除了具有可重复性和及时性外，US对这些病症的诊断具有高敏感性和特异性。床边评估PTX最广泛使用的方法是胸部X线检查（CXR）。然而，CXR检测PTX的诊断敏感性有限，特别是在隐匿性PTX以及患者处于仰卧位时。计算机断层扫描（CT）是评估PTX的金标准，但受其高辐射暴露以及转运重症患者时的安全性问题所限。在本文中，我们综述了使用US诊断PTX的当前进展。
