Lappe Claudia, Lappe Markus, Pantev Christo
Department of Medicine, Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany.
Institute for Psychology, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany.
Neuroimage. 2016 Jan 1;124(Pt A):898-905. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.09.059. Epub 2015 Oct 3.
Rhythm and melody are two basic characteristics of music. Performing musicians have to pay attention to both, and avoid errors in either aspect of their performance. To investigate the neural processes involved in detecting melodic and rhythmic errors from auditory input we tested musicians on both kinds of deviations in a mismatch negativity (MMN) design. We found that MMN responses to a rhythmic deviation occurred at shorter latencies than MMN responses to a melodic deviation. Beamformer source analysis showed that the melodic deviation activated superior temporal, inferior frontal and superior frontal areas whereas the activation pattern of the rhythmic deviation focused more strongly on inferior and superior parietal areas, in addition to superior temporal cortex. Activation in the supplementary motor area occurred for both types of deviations. We also recorded responses to similar pitch and tempo deviations in a simple, non-musical repetitive tone pattern. In this case, there was no latency difference between the MMNs and cortical activation was smaller and mostly limited to auditory cortex. The results suggest that prediction and error detection of musical stimuli in trained musicians involve a broad cortical network and that rhythmic and melodic errors are processed in partially different cortical streams.
节奏和旋律是音乐的两个基本特征。演奏音乐家必须同时关注这两者，并避免在演奏的任何一个方面出现错误。为了研究从听觉输入中检测旋律和节奏错误所涉及的神经过程，我们在失配负波（MMN）设计中对音乐家进行了这两种偏差的测试。我们发现，对节奏偏差的MMN反应比旋律偏差的MMN反应潜伏期更短。波束形成器源分析表明，旋律偏差激活了颞上叶、额下回和额上回区域，而节奏偏差的激活模式除了颞上叶皮质外，更强烈地集中在顶下叶和顶上叶区域。两种类型的偏差在辅助运动区均有激活。我们还记录了对简单的非音乐重复音调模式中类似音高和节奏偏差的反应。在这种情况下，MMN之间没有潜伏期差异，皮质激活较小，主要局限于听觉皮质。结果表明，训练有素的音乐家对音乐刺激的预测和错误检测涉及广泛的皮质网络，并且节奏和旋律错误在部分不同的皮质流中进行处理。
