Winwood Paul W, Posthumus Logan R, Cronin John B, Keogh Justin W L
1AUT University, Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), AUT Millennium, Auckland, New Zealand; 2Bay of Plenty Polytechnic, Department of Sport and Recreation, School of Applied Science, Tauranga, New Zealand; 3Edith Cowan University, School of Exercise, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Perth, Australia; 4Bond University, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Gold Coast, Australia; and 5University of the Sunshine Coast, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, Queensland, Australia.
J Strength Cond Res. 2016 May;30(5):1248-54. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001227.
This study examined the acute potentiating effects of heavy sprint-style sled pulls on sprint performance. Twenty-two experienced resistance-trained rugby athletes performed 2 heavy sprint-style sled pull training protocols on separate occasions using a randomized, crossover, and counterbalanced design. The protocols consisted of 2-baseline 15 m sprints followed by 15 m sprints at 4, 8, and 12 minutes after completing 15 and 7.5 m heavy sled pulls with loads of 75 and 150% body mass (respectively). A significantly faster (p ≤ 0.05) 15 m sprint time was observed at 12 minutes for the 75% body mass load. Small nonsignificant improvements (effect size [ES] = 0.22-0.33) in 5, 10, and 15 m sprint times were observed at 8 and 12 minutes after the 75% body mass sled pull. No significant changes were observed for any sprint time after the 150% body mass sled pull. Significant differences in the percentage of change in sprint times between the 2 sled pull conditions were observed at 4 (ES = 0.44-0.52), 8 (ES = 0.59), and 12 minutes (ES = 0.64). It would seem that the 75% body mass sled pull can be an effective preload stimulus for improving subsequent sprint performance provided that adequate recovery (8-12 minutes) is allowed. Practitioners should be advised that prescription of training load based on decrement in sprint velocity may be the best approach to determine loading for athletes.
本研究考察了高强度冲刺式雪橇拉动对短跑成绩的急性增强作用。22名有经验的经过抗阻训练的橄榄球运动员，采用随机、交叉和平衡设计，在不同场合进行了2次高强度冲刺式雪橇拉动训练方案。方案包括2次基线15米短跑，然后在分别完成负荷为体重75%和150%的15米和7.5米高强度雪橇拉动后，于4分钟、8分钟和12分钟时进行15米短跑。对于75%体重负荷，在12分钟时观察到15米短跑时间显著加快（p≤0.05）。在75%体重雪橇拉动后的8分钟和12分钟，5米、10米和15米短跑时间有小幅度的非显著改善（效应量[ES]=0.22 - 0.33）。在150%体重雪橇拉动后，任何短跑时间均未观察到显著变化。在4分钟（ES = 0.44 - 0.52）、8分钟（ES = 0.59）和12分钟（ES = 0.64）时，观察到两种雪橇拉动条件下短跑时间变化百分比的显著差异。似乎75%体重的雪橇拉动可以成为一种有效的预负荷刺激，用于提高后续的短跑成绩，前提是允许足够的恢复时间（8 - 12分钟）。应建议从业者，基于短跑速度下降来规定训练负荷可能是为运动员确定负荷的最佳方法。
