Matusiński Aleksander, Pietraszewski Przemysław, Krzysztofik Michał, Gołaś Artur
Department of Exercise and Sport Performance, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.
Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.
Front Physiol. 2021 Mar 5;12:651659. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.651659. eCollection 2021.
Considering the effectiveness of resisted sprint training, and the acute enhancement of sprinting performance through locomotor post-activation performance enhancement, the main objective of the research was to determine the acute effects of resisted activation with loads of 5, 10, and 15% body mass on sprint and flying start sprint performance in elite female sprinters using resisted drag technology system. Ten elite female sprinters (age: 23.2 ± 5.4 years, body mass: 54.2 ± 6.1 kg, height: 167.4 ± 7.3 cm, personal best for 100 m: 12.05 ± 0.56 s, and for 400 m: 53.17 ± 2.76 s) performed two unresisted 20-m sprints (from a crouched and flying start) before and after a single resisted sprint loaded with 5, 10, or 15% body mass to verify the effectiveness of the activation stimulus. Compared with pre-activation, Friedman tests showed that peak velocity increased by 1.6 ± 2.2% [effect size (ES) = 0.66], 2.3 ± 1.5% (ES = 1.33), and 0.2 ± 1% (ES = 0.09), as well as peak force by 2.8 ± 2.1% (ES = 0.49), 3.5 ± 2.3% (ES = 1), and 0.5 ± 2.4% (ES = 0.14), concomitant with a significant decreased in sprint time by -0.5 ± 1.2% (ES = -0.07), -2.5 ± 1.3% (ES = -0.64), and -1 ± 1.4% (ES = -0.36) for the 5, 10, and 15% body mass post-activation, respectively ( < 0.001; for all). Furthermore, the ANOVA showed that peak power increased by 2.9 ± 2.3% (ES = 0.61), 3.8 ± 2.2% (ES = 1.05), and 2 ± 7.1% (ES = 0.22) for the 5, 10, and 15% body mass resisted-conditioning activity, respectively, with no difference between the three conditions ( = 0.003 main effect time, no interaction). Moreover, compared with the 5 and 15% body mass trials [-1.5 ± 2% (ES = -0.44), -0.8 ± 0.8% (ES = -0.44), respectively], the ANOVA showed that flying start sprint time significantly decreased by -4.3 ± 1.1% (ES = -1.25) ( < 0.001, interaction effect) after a 10% body mass resisted-conditioning activity. The results of this study indicated that resisted sprints acutely enhance sprint performance; however, their effectiveness depends on the applied load. A single resisted sprint using 10% body mass is effective at inducing a potentiating effect on subsequent 20-m flying start sprint performance in elite female sprinters. Therefore, keeping in mind the optimal load, it is recommended to perform resisted sprints as a conditioning activation when seeking to acutely enhance 20-m flying start sprint performance in these athletes.
考虑到抗阻冲刺训练的有效性，以及通过运动后激活增强效应来急性提高冲刺成绩，本研究的主要目的是使用抗阻牵引技术系统，确定5%、10%和15%体重负荷的抗阻激活对精英女子短跑运动员冲刺和起跑冲刺成绩的急性影响。十名精英女子短跑运动员（年龄：23.2±5.4岁，体重：54.2±6.1千克，身高：167.4±7.3厘米，100米个人最好成绩：12.05±0.56秒，400米个人最好成绩：53.17±2.76秒）在进行一次5%、10%或15%体重负荷的抗阻冲刺前后，进行了两次无阻力的20米冲刺（从蹲踞式起跑和起跑开始），以验证激活刺激的有效性。与激活前相比，弗里德曼检验显示，峰值速度分别提高了1.6±2.2%[效应大小（ES）=0.66]、2.3±1.5%（ES=1.33）和0.2±1%（ES=0.09），峰值力量分别提高了2.8±2.1%（ES=0.49）、3.5±2.3%（ES=1）和0.5±2.4%（ES=0.14），同时，5%、10%和15%体重激活后，冲刺时间显著减少了-0.5±1.2%（ES=-0.07）、-2.5±1.3%（ES=-0.64）和-1±1.4%（ES=-0.36）（P<0.001；所有情况）。此外，方差分析显示，5%、10%和15%体重抗阻训练活动的峰值功率分别提高了2.9±2.3%（ES=0.61）、3.8±2.2%（ES=1.05）和2±7.1%（ES=0.22），三种情况之间无差异（P=0.003主效应时间，无交互作用）。此外，与5%和15%体重试验相比[-1.5±2%（ES=-0.44）、-0.8±0.8%（ES=-0.44）]，方差分析显示，10%体重抗阻训练活动后，起跑冲刺时间显著减少了-4.3±1.1%（ES=-1.25）（P<0.001，交互作用效应）。本研究结果表明，抗阻冲刺能急性提高冲刺成绩；然而，其有效性取决于所施加的负荷。单次使用10%体重的抗阻冲刺对精英女子短跑运动员随后的20米起跑冲刺成绩有增强作用。因此，牢记最佳负荷，建议在试图急性提高这些运动员的20米起跑冲刺成绩时，将抗阻冲刺作为一种训练激活方式。
