Colvin Mary K, Stern Theodore A
From the Psychology Assessment Center, Department of Psychology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.
J Clin Psychiatry. 2015 Sep;76(9):e1148. doi: 10.4088/JCP.12040vr1c.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental illness that can have devastating long-term consequences if untreated. Studies have shown that untreated individuals have worse outcomes than treated patients in academic, occupational, and social functioning; antisocial behavior; driving; substance use; and use of services. Family functioning is also highly affected by the child's ADHD and should be addressed by physicians. Recognition and management of ADHD in children is important so that their long-term outcomes can be improved. Differential diagnosis should include the possibility of comorbid psychiatric disorders and other developmental disorders. Neuropsychological testing may be valuable for both diagnosis and the assessment of treatment response.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是一种常见的神经发育疾病，如果不治疗可能会产生严重的长期后果。研究表明，未经治疗的个体在学业、职业和社交功能、反社会行为、驾驶、物质使用和服务利用方面的结果比接受治疗的患者更差。家庭功能也受到孩子ADHD的高度影响，医生应该加以关注。认识和管理儿童的ADHD很重要，这样可以改善他们的长期结果。鉴别诊断应包括共病精神障碍和其他发育障碍的可能性。神经心理学测试对诊断和治疗反应评估都可能有价值。
