Montoya Pablo, Cancino Jorge, Ruiz Lía
Programa Moscafrut SAGARPA-IICA, Camino a los Cacahotales S/N, CP 30680, Metapa de Domínguez, Chiapas, México.
Insects. 2012 Sep 20;3(3):889-99. doi: 10.3390/insects3030889.
The successful application of Augmentative Biological Control (ABC) to control pest fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) confronts two fundamental requirements: (1) the establishment of efficient mass rearing procedures for the species to be released, and (2) the development of methodologies for the packing and release of parasitoids that permit a uniform distribution and their optimal field performance under an area-wide approach. Parasitoid distributions have been performed by ground and by air with moderate results; both options face challenges that remain to be addressed. Different devices and strategies have been used for these purposes, including paper bags and the chilled adult technique, both of which are commonly used when releasing sterile flies. However, insect parasitoids have morphological and behavioral characteristics that render the application of such methodologies suboptimal. In this paper, we discuss an alternate strategy for the augmentative release of parasitoids and describe packing conditions that favor the rearing and emergence of adult parasitoids for increased field performance. We conclude that the use of ABC, including the packaging of parasitoids, requires ongoing development to ensure that this technology remains a viable and effective control technique for pest fruit flies.
增强生物防治（ABC）在控制害虫果蝇（双翅目：实蝇科）方面的成功应用面临两个基本要求：（1）为待释放的物种建立高效的大规模饲养程序，以及（2）开发用于包装和释放寄生蜂的方法，以便在区域综合防治方法下实现均匀分布并使其在田间发挥最佳性能。寄生蜂的分布已通过地面和空中进行，但效果一般；这两种方式都面临着有待解决的挑战。为此人们使用了不同的装置和策略，包括纸袋和冷藏成虫技术，这两种方法在释放不育果蝇时都很常用。然而，昆虫寄生蜂具有形态和行为特征，使得这些方法的应用效果欠佳。在本文中，我们讨论了一种用于寄生蜂增殖释放的替代策略，并描述了有利于成虫寄生蜂饲养和羽化以提高田间性能的包装条件。我们得出结论，ABC的应用，包括寄生蜂的包装，需要不断发展，以确保该技术仍然是控制害虫果蝇的可行且有效的技术。
