Cancino Jorge, Ruíz Lía, Viscarret Mariana, Sivinski John, Hendrichs Jorge
Programa Moscafrut SAGARPA-IICA, Camino a los Cacahoatales S/N, 30860, Metapa de Domínguez, Chiapas, Mexico.
Insectario de Investigaciones para Lucha Biológica, Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología CICVyA, INTA, Castelar, 1712 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Insects. 2012 Oct 25;3(4):1105-25. doi: 10.3390/insects3041105.
The use of irradiated hosts in mass rearing tephritid parasitoids represents an important technical advance in fruit fly augmentative biological control. Irradiation assures that fly emergence is avoided in non-parasitized hosts, while at the same time it has no appreciable effect on parasitoid quality, i.e., fecundity, longevity and flight capability. Parasitoids of fruit fly eggs, larvae and pupae have all been shown to successfully develop in irradiated hosts, allowing a broad range of species to be shipped and released without post-rearing delays waiting for fly emergence and costly procedures to separate flies and wasps. This facilitates the early, more effective and less damaging shipment of natural enemies within hosts and across quarantined borders. In addition, the survival and dispersal of released parasitoids can be monitored by placing irradiated sentinel-hosts in the field. The optimal radiation dosages for host-sterility and parasitoid-fitness differ among species, and considerable progress has been made in integrating radiation into a variety of rearing procedures.
在大规模饲养实蝇寄生蜂时使用经辐照的寄主代表了果蝇增殖性生物防治方面的一项重要技术进步。辐照可确保未被寄生的寄主中不会羽化出果蝇，同时对寄生蜂的质量，即繁殖力、寿命和飞行能力没有明显影响。已证明果蝇卵、幼虫和蛹的寄生蜂都能在经辐照的寄主体内成功发育，从而使得多种物种能够运输和释放，而无需在饲养后等待果蝇羽化以及采用昂贵的程序来分离果蝇和黄蜂。这有利于在寄主体内以及跨越检疫边界更早、更有效地运输天敌，且损害更小。此外，通过在田间放置经辐照的哨兵寄主，可以监测释放的寄生蜂的存活和扩散情况。寄主不育和寄生蜂适应性的最佳辐射剂量因物种而异，并且在将辐射整合到各种饲养程序方面已经取得了相当大的进展。
