Bessi Haithem, Bellagha Sihem, Lebdi Kaouthar Grissa, Bikoba Veronique, Mitcham Elizabeth J
Laboratoire d'économie Sciences et Technologies Alimentiares LR03AGR01. Department of Food Technology, National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia.
Department of Plant Protection and Post-harvest Diseases, Laboratory of Entomology-Acarology, National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia.
J Econ Entomol. 2015 Jun;108(3):993-9. doi: 10.1093/jee/tov032. Epub 2015 Mar 22.
Ethyl formate (EF) was studied as a fumigant agent with the objective to replace methyl bromide (MB) for date fruit disinfestations. Date fruits Phoenix dactylifera 'Deglet Nour' with different initial moisture content (16% for dry dates, 20% for semidry dates, and a mixture of the two types) were separately fumigated with EF at different concentrations: 28.6, 57.3, 85.9, and 114.6 g/m3 for 2 h. Experimental data of EF sorption during fumigation was successfully fitted to Peleg's model. This model allows the prediction of the effects of date moisture content and EF concentration on sorption behavior. Samples with different moisture content showed similar EF sorption behavior. Dates were artificially infested with carob moth (Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller)) at different life stages. Eggs, third- and fifth-instars, and pupae were exposed to 28.6, 57.3, 85.9, and 114.6 g/m3 EF for 2 h. Among these life stages, fifth-instars were the most resistant to EF fumigation. A 2-h fumigation with 114.6 g/m3 EF provided complete control of eggs, third-instars, and pupae of carob moth, and generated 91.6% mortality of fifth-instars. A longer fumigation time or higher EF concentration may provide complete control of all life stages of carob moth.
甲酸乙酯（EF）作为一种熏蒸剂进行了研究，目的是替代溴甲烷（MB）用于枣果除虫。对不同初始水分含量的枣果（干枣为16%，半干枣为20%，以及两种类型的混合物）分别用不同浓度的EF进行熏蒸：28.6、57.3、85.9和114.6 g/m³，熏蒸2小时。熏蒸过程中EF吸附的实验数据成功拟合到佩雷格模型。该模型能够预测枣果水分含量和EF浓度对吸附行为的影响。不同水分含量的样品表现出相似的EF吸附行为。枣果在不同生命阶段人工感染了角豆荚螟（Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller)）。将卵、三龄和五龄幼虫以及蛹暴露于28.6、57.3、85.9和114.6 g/m³的EF中2小时。在这些生命阶段中，五龄幼虫对EF熏蒸最具抗性。用114.6 g/m³的EF熏蒸2小时可完全控制角豆荚螟的卵、三龄幼虫和蛹，并使五龄幼虫的死亡率达到91.6%。延长熏蒸时间或提高EF浓度可能会完全控制角豆荚螟的所有生命阶段。
