Wosula E N, McMechan A J, Hein G L
Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583.
J Econ Entomol. 2015 Aug;108(4):1545-52. doi: 10.1093/jee/tov185. Epub 2015 Jul 1.
The wheat curl mite, Aceria tosichella Keifer, is an eriophyid pest of wheat, although its primary economic impact on wheat is due to the transmission of Wheat streak mosaic (WSMV), Wheat mosaic (also known as High Plains virus), and Triticum mosaic (TriMV) viruses. These viruses cause significant annual losses in winter wheat production throughout the western Great Plains. Temperature and humidity are factors that often influence arthropod survival, especially during dispersal from their hosts, yet the impact of these two factors on off-host survival has not been documented for wheat curl mite. Pathogen-infected host plants often influence the biology and behavior of vectors, yet it is not known if virus-infected wheat affects off-host survival of wheat curl mite. The objectives of this study were to 1) determine if temperature, relative humidity, and mite genotype impact off-host survival of wheat curl mite and 2) determine the effect of WSMV- and TriMV-infected host plants on off-host survival of wheat curl mite. Temperature and relative humidity significantly affected off-host survival of wheat curl mite. Length of survival decreased with increasing temperature (106.2 h at 10°C and 17.0 h at 30°C) and decreasing relative humidity (78.1 h at 95 and 21.3 h at 2%). Mites from TriMV-infected host plants had ∼20% reduction in survival at 20°C compared with those from WSMV-infected plants. The duration of off-host survival of wheat curl mite is influenced by environmental conditions. Management strategies that target a break in host presence will greatly reduce mite densities and virus spread and need to account for these limits.
麦卷叶螨（Aceria tosichella Keifer）是小麦的一种瘿螨害虫，不过它对小麦产生的主要经济影响是由传播小麦线条花叶病毒（WSMV）、小麦花叶病毒（也称为高平原病毒）和小麦花叶病毒（TriMV）所致。这些病毒在大平原西部的冬小麦生产中每年造成重大损失。温度和湿度是常常影响节肢动物生存的因素，尤其是在它们从宿主扩散期间，但这两个因素对麦卷叶螨离宿主后生存的影响尚无文献记载。受病原体感染的宿主植物常常会影响传病媒介的生物学特性和行为，但尚不清楚感染病毒的小麦是否会影响麦卷叶螨离宿主后的生存。本研究的目的是：1）确定温度、相对湿度和螨的基因型是否会影响麦卷叶螨离宿主后的生存；2）确定感染WSMV和TriMV的宿主植物对麦卷叶螨离宿主后生存的影响。温度和相对湿度显著影响麦卷叶螨离宿主后的生存。随着温度升高（10℃时存活106.2小时，30℃时存活17.0小时）以及相对湿度降低（95%时存活78.1小时，2%时存活21.3小时），存活时长会减少。与来自感染WSMV植物的螨相比，来自感染TriMV植物的螨在20℃时的存活率降低了约20%。麦卷叶螨离宿主后的生存时长受环境条件影响。针对宿主不存在期的管理策略将大大降低螨的密度并减少病毒传播，并且需要考虑到这些限制因素。
