Tschopp Markus, Krähenbühl Peter, Tappeiner Christoph, Kupferschmidt Hugo, Quarroz Serge, Goldblum David, Frueh Beatrice E
a Department of Ophthalmology , Inselspital, University of Bern , Bern , Switzerland.
b Department of Ophthalmology , University Hospital Basel, University of Basel , Basel , Switzerland.
Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2015;53(10):957-61. doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1094702. Epub 2015 Oct 19.
Chemical eye injuries are ophthalmological emergencies with a high risk of secondary complications and severe visual loss. Only limited epidemiological data for such injuries are available for many countries.
We performed two independent studies. The cause of chemical eye injuries was assessed with a prospective questionnaire study. Questionnaires were sent to all ophthalmologists in Switzerland. A total of 163 patients (205 eyes) were included, between December 2012 and October 2014. Independent of the questionnaire study, the incidence of chemical eye injuries was assessed with a retrospective cohort study design using the database of the mandatory accident insurance.
Ophthalmological questionnaires revealed that plaster/cement (20.5%), alkaline (12.2%) and acid (10.2%) solutions caused the highest number of chemical injuries. Only 2% of all injuries were classified as grade III and none as grade IV (Roper-Hall classification). The official toxicological information phone-hotline was contacted in 4.3% of cases. Using data from the accident insurance, an incidence of chemical eye injuries of about 50/100 000/year was found in the working population.
Here, we present data on the involved agents of chemical eye injuries in Switzerland, and also the incidence of such injuries in the working population. This may also help to assess the need for further education programs and to improve and direct preventive measures.
化学性眼外伤属于眼科急症，具有继发并发症和严重视力丧失的高风险。许多国家关于此类损伤的流行病学数据有限。
我们开展了两项独立研究。通过前瞻性问卷调查研究评估化学性眼外伤的病因。问卷发送给了瑞士所有眼科医生。在2012年12月至2014年10月期间，共纳入163例患者（205只眼）。独立于问卷调查研究之外，采用强制性事故保险数据库，通过回顾性队列研究设计评估化学性眼外伤的发病率。
眼科问卷调查显示，石膏/水泥（20.5%）、碱性溶液（12.2%）和酸性溶液（10.2%）导致的化学性损伤数量最多。所有损伤中只有2%被归类为III级，无IV级（罗珀-霍尔分类法）。4.3%的病例联系了官方毒理学信息热线。利用事故保险数据，发现工作人群中化学性眼外伤的发病率约为每年50/10万。
在此，我们呈现了瑞士化学性眼外伤相关致伤物的数据，以及工作人群中此类损伤的发病率。这也可能有助于评估进一步开展教育项目的必要性，并改进和指导预防措施。
