Usui Rie, Sheeran Lori K, Li Jin-Hua, Sun Lixing, Wang Xi, Pritchard Alexander J, DuVall-Lash Alexander S, Wagner R Steve
Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 7390046, Japan.
Primate Behavior and Ecology Program, Central Washington University, Ellensburg WA 98926, USA.
Animals (Basel). 2014 Sep 15;4(3):546-61. doi: 10.3390/ani4030546.
Previous studies have reported the negative impacts of tourism on nonhuman primates (NHPs) and tourists and advocated the improvement of tourism management, yet what constitutes good quality management remains unclear. We explored whether rates of macaque aggression and self-directed behaviors (SDBs) differed under the supervision of two park ranger teams at the Valley of the Wild Monkeys (VWM) in Mt. Huangshan, Anhui Province, China. The two ranger teams provisioned and managed a group of macaques on an alternating monthly basis. Monkey, tourist and ranger behaviors were collected from August 16-September 30, 2012. Macaque aggression and SDB rates did not differ significantly under the management of the two teams. Overall, there was little intervention in tourist-macaque interactions by park rangers, and even when rangers discouraged tourists' undesirable behaviors, tourist interactions with monkeys persisted. Furthermore, only one or sometimes two park rangers managed monkeys and tourists, and rangers established dominance over the monkeys to control them. In order to effectively manage tourists and monkeys by a single park ranger, we recommend that rangers: (1) prohibit tourists from feeding; (2) move around the viewing platform more frequently; and (3) limit the number of tourists each visiting session.
以往的研究报告了旅游业对非人灵长类动物（NHPs）和游客的负面影响，并主张改善旅游管理，但高质量管理的构成要素仍不明确。我们探究了在中国安徽省黄山的野猴谷（VWM），在两个公园护林员团队的监管下，猕猴的攻击率和自我导向行为（SDBs）是否存在差异。这两个护林员团队每月交替为一群猕猴提供食物并进行管理。2012年8月16日至9月30日收集了猴子、游客和护林员的行为数据。在两个团队的管理下，猕猴的攻击率和SDB率没有显著差异。总体而言，公园护林员对游客与猕猴互动的干预很少，即使护林员劝阻游客的不良行为，游客与猴子的互动仍在持续。此外，只有一名或有时两名公园护林员管理猴子和游客，护林员通过确立对猴子的主导地位来控制它们。为了让一名公园护林员有效地管理游客和猴子，我们建议护林员：（1）禁止游客喂食；（2）更频繁地在观景台周围走动；（3）限制每次参观的游客数量。
