Gonzales-Siles Lucia, Sjöling Åsa
Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Environ Microbiol. 2016 Mar;18(3):741-51. doi: 10.1111/1462-2920.13106. Epub 2015 Dec 21.
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a water and food-borne pathogen that infects the small intestine of the human gut and causes diarrhoea. Enterotoxigenic E. coli adheres to the epithelium by means of colonization factors and secretes two enterotoxins, the heat labile toxin and/or the heat stable toxin that both deregulate ion channels and cause secretory diarrhoea. Enterotoxigenic E. coli as all E. coli, is a versatile organism able to survive and grow in different environments. During transmission and infection, ETEC is exposed to various environmental cues that have an impact on survivability and virulence. The ability to cope with exposure to different stressful habitats is probably shaping the pool of virulent ETEC strains that cause both endemic and epidemic infections. This review will focus on the ecology of ETEC in its different habitats and interactions with other organisms as well as abiotic factors.
产肠毒素大肠杆菌（ETEC）是一种通过水和食物传播的病原体，可感染人体肠道的小肠并引发腹泻。产肠毒素大肠杆菌借助定植因子附着于上皮细胞，并分泌两种肠毒素，即不耐热毒素和/或耐热毒素，这两种毒素都会使离子通道失调并导致分泌性腹泻。与所有大肠杆菌一样，产肠毒素大肠杆菌是一种适应性很强的生物体，能够在不同环境中生存和生长。在传播和感染过程中，产肠毒素大肠杆菌会接触到各种影响其生存能力和毒力的环境信号。应对不同应激性栖息地的能力可能正在塑造导致地方性和流行性感染的有毒力产肠毒素大肠杆菌菌株库。本综述将重点关注产肠毒素大肠杆菌在其不同栖息地的生态学，以及它与其他生物体和非生物因素的相互作用。
