Castillo Daniel, Yanci Javier, Cámara Jesús, Weston Matthew
a Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Science , University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU , Vitoria-Gasteiz , Spain.
b Department of Sport & Exercise Sciences, School of Social Sciences, Business & Law , Teesside University , Middlesbrough , UK.
J Sports Sci. 2016;34(6):557-63. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1101646. Epub 2015 Nov 2.
The aim of this study was to quantify the acute impact of soccer match officiating on selected physiological and physical performance measures. Twenty-four officials from the Spanish National 3rd Division participated in this study. External global positioning system and internal (heart rate) load data were collected for each match official during 8 official matches. Pre- and post-matches, the referees were assessed for tympanic temperature, blood lactate, 15- and 30-m sprint speeds and unilateral (dominant and non-dominant legs) and bilateral vertical jump performances. For referees, the acute physiological and physical performance effects of officiating (post-match value minus pre-match value) were large increases in blood lactate (1.7 mmol · l(-1); ±90% confidence limit, 0.9 mmol · l(-1); effect size, ES = 4.35), small increases in 15-m sprint (0.09; ±0.04 s; ES = 0.53) and 30-m sprint speeds (0.14; ±0.08 s; ES = 0.39) and a small increase in non-dominant leg jump performance (2.1; ±1.4 cm; ES = 0.31). For assistant referees, there was a small decrease in tympanic temperature (-0.3°C; ±0.2°C; ES = -0.65) and small increases in blood lactate (0.4; ±0.3 mmol · l(-1); ES = 0.66), 15-m sprint speed (0.06; ±0.04 s; ES = 0.47), 30-m sprint speed (0.11; ±0.16 s; ES = 0.49) and bilateral countermovement jump height (3.4; ±1.5 cm; ES = 0.45). Taken together, these data demonstrate that the physical demands of soccer officiating are sufficient to elicit increases in blood lactate and small decrements in sprint performance and, thereby, provide some evidence for match-related fatigue.
本研究的目的是量化足球比赛裁判工作对选定的生理和身体表现指标的急性影响。来自西班牙国家丙级联赛的24名官员参与了本研究。在8场正式比赛中，为每位比赛官员收集了外部全球定位系统和内部（心率）负荷数据。在比赛前后，对裁判员进行了鼓膜温度、血乳酸、15米和30米短跑速度以及单侧（优势腿和非优势腿）和双侧垂直跳跃表现的评估。对于裁判员，裁判工作的急性生理和身体表现影响（赛后值减去赛前值）表现为血乳酸大幅增加（1.7 mmol·L⁻¹；±90%置信区间，0.9 mmol·L⁻¹；效应大小，ES = 4.35），15米短跑速度小幅增加（0.09；±0.04秒；ES = 0.53）和30米短跑速度小幅增加（0.14；±0.08秒；ES = 0.39），以及非优势腿跳跃表现小幅增加（2.1；±1.4厘米；ES = 0.31）。对于助理裁判员，鼓膜温度小幅下降（-0.3°C；±0.2°C；ES = -0.65），血乳酸小幅增加（0.4；±0.3 mmol·L⁻¹；ES = 0.66），15米短跑速度小幅增加（0.06；±0.04秒；ES = 0.47），30米短跑速度小幅增加（0.11；±0.16秒；ES = 0.49），以及双侧反向运动跳跃高度小幅增加（3.4；±1.5厘米；ES = 0.45）。综上所述，这些数据表明，足球裁判工作的体力需求足以引起血乳酸增加和短跑成绩小幅下降，从而为与比赛相关的疲劳提供了一些证据。
