Yeo Lami, Romero Roberto
Perinatology Research Branch, NICHD/NIH/DHHS, Bethesda, MD.
Detroit, MI, USA.
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Apr;47(4):403-9. doi: 10.1002/uog.12562. Epub 2015 Nov 3.
'Manual navigation' by the operator is the standard method used to obtain information from two-dimensional and volumetric sonography. Two-dimensional sonography is highly operator dependent and requires extensive training and expertise to assess fetal anatomy properly. Most of the sonographic examination time is devoted to acquisition of images, while 'retrieval' and display of diagnostic planes occurs rapidly (essentially instantaneously). In contrast, volumetric sonography has a rapid acquisition phase, but the retrieval and display of relevant diagnostic planes is often time-consuming, tedious and challenging. We propose the term 'intelligent navigation' to refer to a new method of interrogation of a volume dataset whereby identification and selection of key anatomical landmarks allow the system to: 1) generate a geometrical reconstruction of the organ of interest; and 2) automatically navigate, find, extract and display specific diagnostic planes. This is accomplished using operator-independent algorithms that are both predictable and adaptive. Virtual Intelligent Sonographer Assistance (VIS-Assistance®) is a tool that allows operator-independent sonographic navigation and exploration of the surrounding structures in previously identified diagnostic planes. The advantage of intelligent (over manual) navigation in volumetric sonography is the short time required for both acquisition and retrieval and display of diagnostic planes. Intelligent navigation technology automatically realigns the volume, and reorients and standardizes the anatomical position, so that the fetus and the diagnostic planes are consistently displayed in the same manner each time, regardless of the fetal position or the initial orientation. Automatic labeling of anatomical structures, subject orientation and each of the diagnostic planes is also possible. Intelligent navigation technology can operate on conventional computers, and is not dependent on specific ultrasound platforms or on the use of software to perform manual navigation of volume datasets. Diagnostic planes and VIS-Assistance videoclips can be transmitted by telemedicine so that expert consultants can evaluate the images to provide an opinion. The end result is a user-friendly, simple, fast and consistent method of obtaining sonographic images with decreased operator dependency. Intelligent navigation is one approach to improve obstetrical sonography. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
操作员的“手动导航”是从二维和容积超声检查中获取信息的标准方法。二维超声检查高度依赖操作员，需要大量培训和专业知识才能正确评估胎儿解剖结构。大多数超声检查时间都用于图像采集，而诊断平面的“检索”和显示则很快（基本上是瞬间完成）。相比之下，容积超声检查有一个快速采集阶段，但相关诊断平面的检索和显示通常既耗时、乏味又具有挑战性。我们提出“智能导航”一词，指的是一种对容积数据集进行询问的新方法，通过识别和选择关键解剖标志，使系统能够：1）生成感兴趣器官的几何重建；2）自动导航、找到、提取并显示特定诊断平面。这是通过使用既具有可预测性又具有适应性的独立于操作员的算法来实现的。虚拟智能超声检查辅助（VIS-Assistance®）是一种工具，可在先前确定的诊断平面中实现独立于操作员的超声导航和对周围结构的探查。容积超声检查中智能（相对于手动）导航的优势在于诊断平面的采集、检索和显示所需时间较短。智能导航技术会自动重新对齐容积，重新定向并标准化解剖位置，这样无论胎儿位置或初始方位如何，每次胎儿和诊断平面都能以相同方式一致显示。还可以对解剖结构、受试者方位和每个诊断平面进行自动标注。智能导航技术可以在传统计算机上运行，不依赖于特定超声平台或使用软件来对容积数据集进行手动导航。诊断平面和VIS-Assistance视频片段可以通过远程医疗传输，以便专家顾问评估图像并提供意见。最终结果是一种用户友好、简单、快速且一致的获取超声图像的方法，减少了对操作员的依赖。智能导航是改进产科超声检查的一种方法。2015年发表。本文是美国政府作品，在美国属于公共领域。
