Pomeranz Jennifer L
Jennifer L. Pomeranz (
Health Aff (Millwood). 2015 Nov;34(11):1986-92. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.2015.0616.
The federal and state governments are increasingly focusing on food labeling as a method to support good health. Many such laws are opposed by the food industry and may be challenged in court, raising the question of what is legally feasible. This article analyzes outstanding questions in First Amendment law related to commercial disclosure requirements and conducts legal analysis and policy evaluation for three current policies. These include the Food and Drug Administration's draft regulation requiring an added sugar disclosure on the Nutrition Facts panel, California's proposed sugar-sweetened beverage safety warning label bill, and Vermont's law requiring labels of genetically engineered food to disclose this information. I recommend several methods for policy makers to enact food labeling laws within First Amendment parameters, including imposing factual commercial disclosure requirements, disclosing the government entity issuing a warning, collecting evidence, and identifying legitimate governmental interests.
联邦政府和州政府越来越重视食品标签，将其作为促进健康的一种手段。许多此类法律遭到食品行业反对，可能会在法庭上面临挑战，这就引发了法律可行性的问题。本文分析了与商业披露要求相关的第一修正案法律中的未决问题，并对当前的三项政策进行了法律分析和政策评估。这些政策包括美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）要求在营养成分表上披露添加糖的法规草案、加利福尼亚州提出的含糖饮料安全警告标签法案，以及佛蒙特州要求转基因食品标签披露此类信息的法律。我为政策制定者推荐了几种在第一修正案范围内制定食品标签法律的方法，包括规定实际的商业披露要求、披露发布警告的政府实体、收集证据以及确定合法的政府利益。
